Ew! Nasties
This type of pathogen is an unpackaged protein
What is a prion?
The skin is part of this line of defence
What is the 1st line of defence?
These reduce the exposure of others to airborne pathogens from a person's respiratory tract
What are masks?
Skin-to-skin, kissing and sexual intercourse can spread disease in this manner
What is direct contact?
Lymphocytes are part of this line of defence
What is the third line of defence?
Pasteur's experiment disproved this theory
What is spontaneous generation?
This is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity
Why does innate immunity stay the same, when adaptive immunity improves with exposure to disease?
This control measure takes its name from the Italian for 40 days
What is quarantine?
The point at which a pathogen enters the body
What is a portal of entry?
These cells attack tumor cells and cells infected with viruses based on the lack of specific antigens
What are natural killer cells?
This type of disease can be passed directly between people
What is a contagious disease?
These microbes can protect against pathogens
What are normal biota?
This is the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic
Why is a pandemic worldwide, when an epidemic may be restricted to a smaller population?
These organisms carry pathogens between hosts
What are vectors?
B-cells produce these
What are antibodies?
This is used to classify the two types of bacteria
What is the thickness of the peptidoglycan wall?
The process by which one cell consumes another
What is phagocytosis?
8,573,419 new Australian COVID cases in 2022 is an example of this
What is incidence?
These drugs will kill most bacteria
What are broad-spectrum antibiotics?
When capillaries leak blood into the surrounding tissue
What is vasodilation?
These are Koch's postulates
The microorganism must be found in diseased but not healthy individuals.
The microorganism must be cultured from the diseased individual.
The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced to a healthy individual.
The microorganism must be re-isolated from the inoculated, diseased individual and matched to the original organism.
An antigen can be defined this way
What is a marker on the outside of a pathogen that may stimulate an immune response?
Epidemiology is used to understand the COVID pandemic, but it was first used for this epidemic
What was the Broad St. Cholera epidemic?
Mudjala (Barringtonia acutangula) was traditionally chewed for this
What is pain relief?
The three types of granulocyte
What are eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils?