Bacterial
Bacterial disease which can be caused due to the ingestion of honey.
What is botulism?
An HIV patient with a CD4 count below 200 develops diffuse bilateral interstitial infiltrates and elevated LDH.
What is Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia?
A camper develops foul-smelling, greasy diarrhea, bloating, and weight loss.
What is giardiasis?
"Kissing disease" is due to this viral infection.
Epstein-Barr virus
A child develops fever, nausea, and diarrhea after handling a pet turtle.
What is salmonellosis?
This Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobe causes pseudomembranous colitis after antibiotic use.
What is Clostridioides difficile?
Pigeon/bird droppings are commonly associated with this fungal infection.
Cryptococcosis
A traveler returning from sub-Saharan Africa has cyclic fevers, chills, and diaphoresis.
What is malaria?
A patient develops painful grouped vesicles on an erythematous base involving the lips.
What is herpes labialis (HSV-1)?
A child presents with fever, abdominal cramps, tenesmus, and frequent small-volume bloody stools after an outbreak at daycare.
What is shigellosis?
Risk factor for a cholera infection.
Crowded areas, war, famine, poor sanitation, refugee camps
This infection is commonly associated with soil containing bird/bat droppings in the Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys.
Histoplasmosis
Medications that treat pinworms.
- Mebendazole
- Albendazole
A newborn has jaundice, petechiae, hepatosplenomegaly, and sensorineural hearing loss.
What are symptoms of congenital CMV?
A traveler develops bloody diarrhea followed weeks later by right upper quadrant pain and fever.
What is amebiasis with liver abscess?
A patient presents with a painful genital ulcer and tender inguinal lymphadenopathy.
What is chancroid?
Therapy recommended for AIDS patients with histoplasmosis.
Lifelong Itraconazole
Helminths are best described as this type of parasite.
What are multicellular parasitic worms?
A school-aged child develops bright red cheeks followed by a lacy rash on the arms and trunk.
What is erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)?
Multiple stool specimens collected on separate days increase the sensitivity of this stool test.
What is the stool ova and parasite (O&P) examination?
A patient presents with petechiae, fever/chills, lethargy, and blanching, erythematous macular rash on their wrists and ankles.
What is Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
This fungal infection may mimic bacterial cellulitis when skin is affected.
Cryptococcosis
The initial diagnostic test for most intestinal helminth infections is this stool examination.
What is stool ova and parasite (O&P) examination?
Risk factors associated with measles.
- international travel
- vitamin A deficiency
- lack of vaccination
- immunocompromise
- young children/infants
- migration
- crowded settings
Stool culture is most useful when infection with these bacterial pathogens is suspected.
What are Non-typhoidal Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter?