"Let there be Pathogens"
In this relationship one party benefits and the other party is not harmed, or helped.
What is commensalism?
This bacteria has a pink/red stain.
Bonus : Why is it pink/red?
What is Gram-negative? The outer membrane containing LPS stains pink/red.
This blocks growth of bacteria
What are bacteriostatic agents?
This identifies cellular distress and anaerobic respiration
What is high serum lactate?
This is a clinical sign of severe clotting
What is purpura or petechiae?
The number of microbes needed to kill half the population
What is LD50?
This RNA must be converted before making proteins
MIC stands for this
What is Minimum Inhibitory Concentration? (the lowest amount of antibiotics needed to stop bacteria from growing)
A high heart rate and low blood pressure indicate this
What is.... this could be a # of conditions and not enough to diagnose sepsis
This damages tight junctions between endothelial cells, causing capillary leakage
What is inflammation?
A staph infection is an example of this bacterial structure
What is cocci (coccus,spheres)?
This is an endotoxin
What is LPS?
This is what has occurred when a tube is cloudy in MIC test
What is bacterial growth? (did not meet MIC)
Immune cells use this to sense danger signals
What are Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRRs)?
This is based on experience and reports present in the hospital for decision making in sepsis care
What is empiric antibiotic therapy?
A virus's need for specific host cells is called this
What is viral tropism?
In this phase bacteria get ready to grow; with no population increase
What is lag phase?
These target attachment, uncoating, transcription, translation, assembly, and release
What are anti-virals?
This is the best marker for bacterial infection
What is procalcitonin?
In this stage cardiac output decreases and peripheral vasoconstriction occurs to protect the heart and brain.
What is cold shock/late stage shock?
This bacterial structure is rod-shaped?
What is bacilli?
T-cells attack infected cells in this immune response
What is cell-mediated immunity?
This process occurs through efflux pumps, decreased uptake, inactivating enzymes, alternative enzymes, or target alterations
What are resistance mechanisms?
LPS or peptidoglycan are examples of this
What are Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)?
What are Superantigens?