Vocabulary
Non-infectious
Non-infectious diseases is a disease caused by hereditary or environmental factors; cannot be passed from person to person.
Provide an (one) example of a non-infectious disease
Examples are auto-immune disorders, type-I diabetes, cancer, and mutagens.
What are the two types of diseases?
The two types of disease are infectious and non-infectious.
What is the result of a mutagen to a strand of DNA?
A mutagen to a strand of DNA results in cancer.
Hereditary means being passed from parents to children and are caused by genetic factors.
Provide an (one) example of a hereditary disease
An example would be type-I diabetes and auto-immune diseases.
Compare and contrast an infectious disease to a non-infectious disease.
Both are diseases. An infectious disease is a disease can be passed from person to person. A non-infectious disease is a disease cannot be passed from person to person.
Explain how a pathogen can spread.
Pathogens can be passed from person to person (touch, taste), through the environment (sneezing, coughing), by living things (mosquito, ticks, fleas), and nonliving things (desks, cell phones, bathroom doors, etc.)
Mutagens
Mutagens are caused by environmental and hereditary factors. This disease causes a mutation (change) in the DNA. Once the change has occurred in the cell, then the cell will multiply (make more) uncontrollably.
Provide an (one) example of an infectious disease
Examples are a common cold, flu, strep throat, and stomach virus.
Explain Type-I diabetes.
Type-1 diabetes is caused by hereditary factors. It is a disease in which the human body destroys cells that produce insulin. Treatment for this condition include: frequent blood monitoring, eating healthy foods, exercise regularly, and taking insulin.
What do viruses require to reproduce?
Viruses depend on living things to reproduce by inserting their genetic material into a cell and then that cell reproduces to make more viruses.
Insulin
Insulin is a hormone that allows your body to use and store glucose (sugar) as an energy source for the body.
Provide an (one) example of a pathogen.
Pathogens include bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses.
How does an infectious disease spread?
An infectious disease spreads from person to person and is known as being contagious. Infectious disease spread by contaminated food, water, and objects.
What is the most common fungal infection in humans and how does it spread?
The most common fungal infection are skin infections. Fungal infections can be spread from person to person or by person to object by sharing socks, shoes, and showers. Examples are ringworm and athlete’s foot.
Parasite
Parasite is an organism that lives on and feeds on another organism called a host.
Provide an (one) example of bacteria.
Examples of bacteria are salmonella (food poisoning - chicken, eggs), streptococcus (strep throat) , E. coli (food poisoning – beef), pseudomonas (ear infections), and staphylococcus (skin infections).
How can disease be treated?
Diseases can be treated by medical doctors with the use of antibiotics or antiviral. An antibiotic will slow or kill the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms. An antiviral will destroy viruses and prevent their replication.
How can disease spread be reduced?
Disease spread can be reduced in healthcare (vaccines, use of sterilized medical equipment), with technology (refrigeration/freezing/canning), and improved personal hygiene (washing your hands, not touching your hands to your mouth, face, or eyes).