Lecture 1
What did Semmelweis do to lower mortality rate in the maternity ward?
Wash Hands!
Negative
What is the 6th microbe made of only proteins?
Prions
What kind of genetic material do Viruses have?
What are the Ancient Plagues?
Plague, Smallpox, Syphilis
What is Hospitalism?
The negative effect hospitals had on patient outcomes.
What is the primary stain used for gram +/- bacteria?
Crystal Violet
What are the three points on the epidemiological triangle?
Host, Pathogen, Environment
What are the three capsids?
Helical, Icosahedral, and Complex
Who laid the groundwork for epidemiology?
John Snow
What is the 4th step of Kochs Postulates?
Microbe must be isolated from experimental and be identical to the initial causative agent.
What is the sylvatic cycle?
What is the main difference between the Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle?
Lytic will lyse the bacteria cell, Lysogenic will integrate into the bacterias genome
What is Helminthic Therapy?
Introduction of helminths in an effort to treat autoimmune diseases
What modern concept resulted from the Civil War?
Nursing
By using swan-necked flasks that were either intact or broken. He pasteurized the broth in each flask. Only the broken flask was contaminated.
What is the leading disease worldwide?
Pneumonia
Why are envelope spikes important?
Spikes aid in attaching viruses to their next host.
What are oncolytic viruses?
Viruses that only infect and lyse tumor cells, incapable of infecting healthy host cells
What microbe was likely responsible for many deaths during the Civil War?
Staphylococcus aureus
What type of bacteria would prefer a pH range of 10-14
Alkalinophile
What are the 6 factors for emerging and re-emerging diseases?
World Population Growth, Urbanization, Ecological Disturbances, Technological Advances, Microbial Evolution, Human Behavior
What are the 5 steps to viral replication?
1. Adsorption, 2. Penetration, 3. Replication, 4. Assembly, 5. Release
Who were the pioneers to discover diseases were contagious prior to the Germ Theory?
Jean-Antione Villemin and Carl Crede