Bacterial Infections
This Gram-positive coccus is the most common cause of bacterial endocarditis.
What is Staphylococcus aureus?
Bonus questions:
What is the second organism to cause of IE?
Does GNR cause IE? percentage?
This virus causes mononucleosis and is associated with Burkitt’s lymphoma.
What is Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)?
Bonus question
List 3 more diseases caused by EBV?
This opportunistic fungal infection is common in HIV/AIDS patients and presents with oral thrush.
What is Candidiasis?
Bonus question:
Name species that cause invasive candidiasis (5)?
Name azole antifungals (5)
This beta-lactam antibiotic is the first-line treatment for syphilis.
What is Penicillin?
Bouns question:
Second line for treatment of syphilis?
This disease is caused by the bite of an Anopheles mosquito and involves cyclical fevers.
What is Malaria?
This tick-borne bacterial infection is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
What is Lyme disease?
Bonus question:
Is there Chronic Lyme Disease?
This viral exanthem presents with "slapped cheek" appearance in children.
What is Parvovirus B19?
Bonus question:
What diseases are caused by Parvovirus B19?
This protozoan parasite is transmitted via cat feces and can cause congenital infections.
What is Toxoplasma gondii?
Bonus question:
Name other forms for Toxoplasma transmission to humans?
This antibiotic class inhibits DNA gyrase and is associated with tendon rupture.
What are Fluoroquinolones?
Bonus questionL:
Other than D-D interactions, what should you check prior to prescribing FQ for patients? why?
This bacterial infection is commonly acquired from cat scratches or bites and can cause lymphadenopathy in immunocompetent hosts and bacillary angiomatosis in immunocompromised patients.
What is Bartonella henselae?
This acid-fast bacillus causes a chronic infection primarily affecting the lungs.
What is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
This RNA virus can cause severe hemorrhagic fever and has outbreaks in Africa.
What is Ebola virus?
This systemic fungal infection is endemic to the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys.
What is Histoplasmosis?
What diseases are caused by histoplasmosis?
Can immunocompetent person be infected?
This antibiotic binds to D-Ala-D-Ala in bacterial cell walls and is the drug of choice for MRSA.
What is Vancomycin?
Bonus question:
What is the mechanism by which Staphylococcus aureus becomes resistant to penicillins?
what is penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) test?
This antibiotic is often used as a first-line treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections, but overuse has led to increasing resistance, especially to Escherichia coli.
What is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)?
This bacterium is associated with foodborne illness from improperly canned foods and can cause descending paralysis.
What is Clostridium botulinum?
This virus causes severe pneumonia in transplant and immunocompromised patients and is treated with ganciclovir.
What is Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?
A hydatid cyst is most commonly caused by this parasitic tapeworm.
What is Echinococcus granulosus?
Bonus question:
Name treatments used for uncomplicated Hepatic Cystic Echinococcosis (Hydatid Disease)?
Recent studies have shown that for many common infections, including pneumonia and urinary tract infections, this approach to antibiotic duration leads to similar or better outcomes compared to prolonged courses, while reducing the risk of resistance and side effects.
What is "shorter is better" for antibiotic therapy?
Bonus question:
Name duration of antibiotic treatment for CAP in: out-patient, in-patient, ICU-patient, HAP, VAP, MDR organism, Pseudomonas, MRSA, Immunocompromised patients?
This class of antibiotics is often ineffective against ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
What are third-generation cephalosporins (e.g., ceftriaxone, cefotaxime)?
Bonus question:
Do all extended-spectrum beta-lactamase infections require meropenem?
This zoonotic bacterial infection is commonly acquired from unpasteurized dairy products and causes undulant fever.
What is Brucellosis?
Bonus question:
What are the signs and symptoms of the disease?Treatment of Brucellosis?
This arbovirus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, can cause microcephaly in newborns.
What is Zika virus?
This cestode causes neurocysticercosis and is acquired from undercooked pork.
What is Taenia solium?
Bonus question:
What is the CDC Yellow Book?
This enzyme is responsible for resistance to carbapenems in some Gram-negative bacteria.
What is Carbapenemase?
Bonus question:
Name 2 novel antibiotics?
This zoonotic virus has a near 100% fatality rate once symptoms appear and is typically transmitted via animal bites.
What is Rabies?