Influenza
Which statement by a client indicates correct understanding about the seasonal influenza vaccine?
A. “I should get the flu shot every 2 years.”
B. “I need the vaccine each year because the strains change.”
C. “If I’ve had the flu once, I won’t get it again this season.”
D. “The vaccine will cure me if I catch the flu.”
Need vaccine yearly because strains change
What makes pandemic influenza different from seasonal influenza?
A. It is caused by bacteria rather than a virus.
B. People have little to no natural immunity to it.
C. It is easier to treat with antibiotics.
D. It spreads slower than seasonal flu.
People have little to no natural immunity to it
Which client is at highest risk for community-acquired pneumonia?
A. 18-year-old smoker with seasonal allergies
B. 70-year-old with COPD and no pneumococcal vaccine
C. 45-year-old runner with no comorbidities
D. 30-year-old with controlled hypertension
70-year-old with COPD and no pneumococcal vaccine
Which client statement indicates correct understanding of TB therapy?
A. “I can stop my medications when my cough goes away.”
B. “I need to take multiple drugs for at least 6 months.”
C. “I only need to isolate until I feel better.”
D. “I don’t need to avoid alcohol while on my medications.”
I need to take multiple drugs for at least 6 months
Which teaching should be included for a client with bacterial sinusitis?
A. “Take the full course of antibiotics even if you feel better.”
B. “Stop antibiotics once symptoms resolve.”
C. “Avoid all fluids until drainage clears.”
D. “Use bed rest until completely healed.”
Always complete antibiotics
A client is diagnosed with influenza. The provider prescribes oseltamivir. Which action by the nurse is most important?
A. Confirm the client started symptoms within 48 hours.
B. Encourage the client to increase protein intake.
C. Instruct the client to avoid dairy products during therapy.
D. Hold the dose if the client develops fever.
Confirm started within 48 hrs
A nurse is caring for a client with suspected SARS. Which intervention takes priority?
A. Place client in negative pressure room with N95 mask precautions.
B. Administer IV antivirals.
C. Restrict fluids until fever resolves.
D. Educate family on contact droplet transmission only.
Place client in negative pressure room with N95 mask precautions
An older adult with pneumonia presents with confusion and poor appetite but no fever. What does this most likely indicate?
A. Sepsis from hypoxemia
B. Medication reaction
C. Dementia progression
D. Anxiety related to hospitalization
Sepsis from hypoxemia
A client with suspected TB is coughing blood-tinged sputum. What should the nurse do first?
A. Place in airborne isolation with a negative pressure room.
B. Obtain sputum cultures for acid-fast bacilli.
C. Administer isoniazid and rifampin.
D. Initiate droplet precautions only.
Place in airborne isolation with a negative pressure room
Which finding is most characteristic of a peritonsillar abscess (PTA)?
A. Symmetrical swelling of the tonsils
B. Muffled “hot potato” voice and uvular deviation
C. Clear nasal drainage and facial pressure
D. Oral white patches on the tongue
PTA = muffled “hot potato” voice, uvula deviation
Which complication should the nurse monitor most closely for in a client with influenza?
A. Rheumatic fever
B. Pneumonia
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Sinus tachycardia
Pneumonia is most common complication
Which client teaching is most important for managing mild COVID-19 at home?
A. “Rest in bed and avoid all physical activity.”
B. “Reposition often and try lying on your stomach to ease breathing.”
C. “Avoid coughing to reduce lung strain.”
D. “Report any loss of taste or smell immediately to the ER.”
Reposition often and try lying on your stomach to ease breathing.
Which lab or diagnostic result would most strongly confirm pneumonia?
A. Elevated WBC count
B. Chest x-ray showing infiltrates
C. Sodium 130 mEq/L
D. Elevated BUN/creatinine ratio
Chest x-ray showing infiltrates
Which teaching is essential for a client taking rifampin?
A. “Your urine may turn orange, and this is harmless.”
B. “This drug may cause hypoglycemia.”
C. “You must avoid all dairy products while taking this drug.”
D. “Do not take this drug with vitamin B6 supplements.”
Your urine may turn orange, and this is harmless
What is the most dangerous complication of a peritonsillar abscess?
A. Airway obstruction
B. Oral candidiasis
C. Sinus infection
D. Dehydration
Airway obstruction = most dangerous
An adult client is diagnosed with influenza. When are they considered most contagious?
A. 24 hours before symptoms and up to 5 days after onset
B. Only during fever spikes
C. The entire month following recovery
D. After antibiotics are started
Contagious 24 hrs before & up to 5 days after symptoms
Which finding in a client with COVID-19 requires immediate medical evaluation?
A. Fever of 101°F (38.3°C)
B. Oxygen saturation of 85% on room air
C. Loss of taste and smell for 2 days
D. Mild diarrhea and fatigue
Oxygen saturation of 85% on room air
Which finding in a client with pneumonia is most concerning?
A. Fever of 101.8°F
B. Crackles at lung bases
C. Pleural effusion on chest x-ray
D. Cough with yellow sputum
Pleural effusion on chest x-ray
Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for a client with a lung abscess?
A. Provide frequent oral care to prevent thrush.
B. Restrict fluids to prevent fluid overload.
C. Encourage activity to prevent deconditioning.
D. Maintain client on airborne precautions.
Provide frequent oral care to prevent thrush
Which clinical findings are expected in the early stage of inhalation anthrax? (Select all that apply)
A. Dry, harsh cough
B. Low-grade fever
C. Fatigue and mild chest pain
D. Severe dyspnea and stridor
E. Septic shock
Prodromal = flu-like: dry cough, low fever, mild chest pain, fatigue
Four clients present to the ED during flu season. Which should the nurse assess first?
A. 25-year-old with fever and sore throat
B. 32-year-old with muscle aches and fatigue
C. 50-year-old with cough, chills, and O₂ sat of 88%
D. 40-year-old requesting a flu shot
O₂ sat 88% = respiratory distress → see first
Four clients call the triage nurse during a COVID surge. Which client should be advised to seek emergency care first?
A. 30-year-old with loss of smell and taste
B. 50-year-old with shortness of breath walking to the bathroom
C. 25-year-old with headache and chills
D. 40-year-old with low-grade fever and cough
50-year-old with shortness of breath walking to the bathroom
A client with pneumonia has ABGs: pH 7.28, PaO₂ 55, PaCO₂ 52, HCO₃ 24. Which intervention is priority?
A. Administer IV fluids
B. Prepare for intubation and mechanical ventilation
C. Encourage coughing and deep breathing
D. Obtain sputum culture
Prepare for intubation and mechanical ventilation
A client with a lung abscess suddenly develops severe dyspnea and absent breath sounds on the right side. What should the nurse do first?
A. Call a rapid response team.
B. Administer IV antibiotics.
C. Obtain sputum cultures.
D. Elevate the head of the bed.
Call a rapid response team
Which intervention is priority for a client in the fulminant stage of inhalation anthrax?
A. Administer IV ciprofloxacin immediately
B. Place the client in airborne isolation
C. Provide supportive care only
D. Delay antibiotics until cultures are confirmed
IV ciprofloxacin immediately