Acute
What time frame is considered acute?
Minutes to hours (sometimes days)
What timeframe is considered chronic?
Days --> weeks --> months
Proteins that stimulate survival and proliferation of cells by receptor binding
What are growth factors?
What is the first leukocyte to reach the site of inflammation?
Neutrophils
Small, secreted proteins that play a role in chronic inflammation
What are cytokines?
process by which damaged cells or tissues are restored, either by regeneration or forming scar tissue
what is cellular repair
1. Margination and rolling
2. Adhesion
3. Diapedesis/Transmigration
4. Migration/Chemostaxis
What are the stages in leukocyte recruitment
Which cell type is primarily responsible for the formation of epithelioid cells in granulomatous inflammation?
Macrophages
Acute wound --> homeostasis --> inflammation --> proliferation --> remodeling
What are the phases of scar formation?
A multiprotein cytoplasmic complex that acts as a sensor to detect and respond to pathogens.
What are inflammasomes
This process, involving the formation of new blood vessels, is prominent in chronic inflammation and can lead to tissue damage and disease progression
What is angiogenesis
This 45-year-old woman underwent a partial hepatectomy due to a benign liver tumor. Four weeks later, imaging revealed the liver had significantly regenerated, restoring most of its original mass. Histological exam showed restoration of normal hepatic architecture without fibrosis or scar formation.
What is regeneration of stable tissue (liver regeneration)?
The movement of leukocytes from the blood into the injured tissued (aka diapedesis)
What is leukocyte extravasion?
This type of grannulous inflammation, characterized by the formation of organized collections of immune cells, is a hallmark of certain chronic conditions like TB or sarcoidosis
What is caseating or non-caseating granulous inflammation
A 68-year-old man presents to the emergency department with chest pain and is diagnosed with a myocardial infarction. Weeks later, follow-up imaging reveals a thin, fibrotic scar in the area of the infarct. The patient has reduced ejection fraction and signs of heart failure. No evidence of myocardial regeneration is seen on biopsy.
What is repair by fibrosis (scar formation) in permanent tissue?