Heart
Failure
Failure
Structural Disorders
Valvular Disorders
Vascular Disorders
Lab/
Arterial Lines
Arterial Lines
100
A nurse is caring for a client with suspected heart failure. The echo result shows an ejection fraction of 65%. Current vital signs are BP 130/60, HR 97, RR 20, SP02 96% on room air.
The nurse suspects which type of heart failure?
diastolic
100
Rheumatic fever typically occurs following this medical diagnosis....
Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis
100
The therapeutic range for INR for a client on warfarin with a mechanical heart valve...
2.5-3.5
100
The most common cause of peripheral artery disease is...
atherosclerosis
100
A murmur ALWAYS indicates a ______________ abnormality
valvular
200
Clients with chronic heart failure should be educated on signs and symptoms for early identification of exacerbations including:
•Fatigue
•Limitation of Activities
•Chest Congestion/cough
•Edema
•Shortness of Breath
200
The main causative agent of myocarditis...
Coxsackie A & B virus
200
Stenosis occurs when the valve is supposed to be _____________ but the pathologic process make the diameter _____________ and impairs ____________ flow of blood
Stenosis occurs when the valve is supposed to be OPEN but the pathologic process make the diameter SMALLER/MORE NARROW and impairs FORWARD flow of blood
200
Whichnursing interventions is most appropriate for the patient with a deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity?
a) Massage the affected leg to promote circulation
b) Apply ice directly to the effected extremity
c) Elevate the affected leg whenever possible
d) Encourage strict bedrest until DVT resolved
c) Elevate the affected leg whenever possible
200
The transducer of an arterial line should be aligned with the:
phlebostatic axis (right atrium)
300
A nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. Which assessment finding should the nurse prioritize when monitoring the client's condition?
a) Increased respiratory rate
b) Pulmonary edema
c) Hypertension
d) Decreased heart rate
b) Pulmonary edema
300
Clinical manifestations indicative of cardiac tamponade are:
Beck's triad --- muffled heart sounds, hypotension, JVD
300
This medication is contraindicated in clients diagnosed with aortic valve stenosis
Nitro
300
A nurse is preparing education for a patient with a new diagnosis of Raynaud’s disease. Which of the following statements by the nurse warrants additional education before presentation to the patient?
a) “You should avoid extreme temperatures as symptoms may be triggered by extreme heat and/or cold.”
b) “Muscle spasms cause decrease blood flow which is responsible for the color changes that you see in your hands.”
c) “You will be discharged home on a calcium channel blocker to help with symptom management.”
d) “You will be discharged home on a lipid-lowering medication to help prevent buildup of atherosclerosis.”
d) “You will be discharged home on a lipid-lowering medication to help prevent buildup of atherosclerosis.”
300
Location of the phlebostatic axis
fourth intercostal space, midway between the anterior and posterior chest wall
400
Which assessment findings would support the diagnosis of left sided heart failure?
a) Dependent edema in bilateral lower extremities
b) Fatigue, nausea and right upper quadrant pain
c) Crackles, tachycardia and S3 heart sounds
d) Anorexia, jugular vein distension and liver enlargement
c) Crackles, tachycardia and S3 heart sounds
400
A nurse is preparing to assess a client with possible pericarditis. What type of pain does the nurse anticipate?
a) sharp pain that is worse on inspiration
b) dull aching pain radiating to the left arm
c) crushing pressure pain in the center of the chest
d) stabbing pain with a tearing sensation in the abdomen
a) sharp pain that is worse on inspiration
400
A patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy should not be given these medications...
Vasodilators
Digoxin
Diuretics
400
This type of ulcer is indicative of...
venous ulcer
400
the allen's test should be completed ____________ insertion of a radial arterial line to ensure _____________ of the hand by the _____________ artery
before
perfusion
ulnar
500
An oral positive inotropic medication used in the treatment of heart failure is...
digoxin
500
A client presents with generalized fatigue, fever and a painful "rash" that appears as pictured. Which action is the nurse's priority?
a) Administer an antiviral for varicella zoster
b) Notify the provider of possible infective endocarditis
c) Administer an antifungal for candida albicans
d) Consult dermatology for a possible skin diagnosis
b) Notify the provider of possible infective endocarditis
500
Which finding in a client with aortic stenosis will be most important for the nurse to report to the health care provider?
a) Weak radial and pedal pulses to palpation
b) Blood pressure of 110/88 mm Hg
c) Loud systolic murmur over sternum
d) Temperature of 102.1°F (38.9°C)
d) Temperature of 102.1°F (38.9°C)
500
Varicose veins present as a result of...
venous valve incompetence
500
Zero the arterial line when...
-shift change
-position change
-initial setup
-significant hemodynamic changes
-following blood draws