Arabella
What is a virus?
An infectious microbe with genetic material surrounded by a protein coat
What is influenza?
A contagious respiratory illness
What is the flu?
A respiratory illness of the nose, throat & lungs
How Are Flu Viruses Named?
Named by the Type( A,B,C,D), strain, and year of isolation
What is the scientific evidence supporting the fact that populations evolve?
Fossils, experiments by Meselson & Stahl, Miller & Urey, Anton van Leeuwenhoek
What are the three different Variations in Populations?
Mutations, genetic recombination, environmental variables
How Does Evolution Relate to Influenza?
Influenza constantly evolves through mutations & genome reassortment.
What Is Evolution?
Genetic changes in species/populations over time
What is an Antigen?
Any substance that causes the immune system to respond against that substance
How Does Evolution Happen?
Relies on mutations in organisms
How are flu vaccines produced?
By growing flu viruses in chicken eggs
How Does the Immune System Work?
When the body senses antigens, the immune system starts attacking them.
What is the Role of the Immune System?
It protects your body from harmful substances, germs, and cells.
What are the two processes by which the influenza virus evolves?
Antigenic drift & shift.
How does the process of natural selection represent the mechanism of evolutionary change?
People with certain traits that are more favorable to the environment to be able to survive/reproduce
How does the flu affect the respiratory and other systems of the body?
It affects the respiratory system by causing infection in the lower respiratory tract and can lead to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
How does the process of evolution relate to the study of biology?
The change in heritable traits of biological populations over successive generations
How Do Viruses Infect Cells?
The virus gains entry, makes physical contact with & crosses the target cell's plasma membrane.
How does Evolution Relate to the Influenza Virus?
Evolve through the gradual accumulation of mutations.
What is the general process of how viruses reproduce?
It releases & replicates its genomes in the target cell's plasma membrane.
What is the role of the immune system in protecting the body from pathogens?
It defends the body from infections/viruses, protects the body's own cells.
What are the developing treatments for influenza?
Developing treatments requires many tests/experiments to make sure they work properly.
How Does the Immune System Remember Past Pathogens?
Long-lived antigen-specific lymphocytes introduced by original exposure.
How Are Flu Viruses Selected to Make a Vaccine?
Each of these four vaccine virus components is selected based on the following:
which flu viruses are making people sick before the upcoming flu season
the extent to which those viruses are spreading before the upcoming flu season
How well do the previous season’s vaccines protect against those flu viruses?
The ability of vaccine viruses to provide cross-protection against a range of related flu viruses of the same type or subtype/lineage.
How Does Evolution Relate to Influenza?
Influenza constantly evolves through mutations & genome reassortment.