Definitions
The mechanism by which information gets into memory
What is encoding
The information-processing approach focuses on how people
What is think
Information in short-term memory is usually retained for ____ to _____ seconds unless strategies are used to retain it longer
What is 15 to 30
Manipulating and transforming information in memory in order to reason, reflect, think critically and evaluate ideas and solve problems, and make decisions
What is thinking
Attention is the focusing of _____ resources
What is mental
Concentrating and focusing mental resources
What is attention
Developmental changes in information processing are likely influenced by increases in both and of processing
What is capacity and speed
Failures in memory can occur at any of these stages
What are encoding, storage and retrieval
Cognitive groupings of similar objects, events, people, or ideas
What is concepts
True or false - people can allocate their attention in different ways
What is true
States that when people reconstruct information, they fit it into information that already exists in their minds
What is schema theory
The big difference between a computer processor and a human processor is humans
What is thinking
_____ refers to memory of skills and routine procedures performed automatically without conscious recollection while _____ refers to the conscious memory of facts and experiences
What is implicit memory and explicit memory
Higher-level cognitive processes linked to the brain's prefrontal cortex that involves managing one's thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and to exercise self-control.
What is executive function
The ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period of time
What is sustained attention
Being alert, mentally present, and cognitively flexible while going through life's everyday activities and tasks
What is mindfulness
three mechanisms work together to create changes in children's cognitive skills:encoding, strategy construction, and _______
What is automaticity
Hearing a short list of stimuli-usually digits- presented at a rapids pace and then being asked to to repeat the digits
What is memory-span task
Walter Mischel's marshmallow study with children assessed this concept
What is delayed gratification
Focusing on a specific aspect of something while ignoring others
What is selective attention
Awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others
What is theory of mind
Children learn to use what they have learned in previous circumstances to adapt their responses to a new situation
What is self-modification
This memory allows you to manipulate and assemble information
What is working memory
Thinking reflectively and productively, and evaluating the evidence
What is critical thinking
Planning actions, allocating attention to goals, detecting and compensating for errors, monitoring progress on tasks, and dealing with novel or difficult circumstances.
What is executive attention