ICAP
This is the type of engagement that involves other people's' ideas, and is the most effective for learning.
What is interactive engagement?
Construction of new knowledge and understanding based on previous knowledge and belief.
What is learning?
The way that our brain makes meaning or reality out of sensory information is called this.
What is perception?
Any indication that learning has persisted over time
What is memory?
Least effective for learning, examples of this level of engagement include listening or watching.
What is passive engagement?
One type of meaningful difference across learners that results from the different levels of experience and abilities related to their learning.
What are differences in prior knowledge and mental representations?
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
What is chunking?
Tendency to retain information more easily if we practice it repeatedly over time than if we practice it in one long session
What is spacing effect?
The level of engagement that promotes learning by focusing attention, typically involving some type of physical movement (hands, mouth, etc.)
What is active learning?
This theory of learning involves the idea that children build on prior knowledge and experiences to understand new information or to modify their existing understanding to be more complete and accurate.
What is constructivism?
This is what determines whether or not we perceive sensory information, and is guided by our mental representations (such as what we are expecting).
What is attention?
This is the part of the information processing system where we think of mental representations as being stored.
What is long-term memory?
This is when ICAP engagement matters for learning.
When is during instruction, during practice or studying, or during thinking and communicating about the information?
This type of thinking can greatly enhance learning, and involves processes like taking a step back to consider whether or not you understand something, what strategies are and are not effective for you, and effective planning.
What is metacognition?
The processing of information into the memory system
What is encoding?
This is the part of the information processing system where we perform cognitive processes to integrate across mental representations and sensory information - where “thinking” happens.
What is working memory?
This is when you determine how the material fits with current understanding, revising your knowledge if needed
What is constructive engagement?
These are the internal (cognitive) structures of understanding that allow us to encode, process, and store our experiences.
What are mental representations?
This is the information from our world that comes through our senses, which we may or may not become consciously aware of.
What is sensory information (sensation)?
The benefit to recall (memory) that comes from quizzing yourself about information rather than simply studying material by re-reading or taking notes
What is the testing effect?