This part of the text provides additional information at the bottom of a page, often referencing a source.
What is a footnote?
This feature organizes the text into sections based on the subject being discussed.
What is a heading?
The author explains how photosynthesis works by providing detailed facts and diagrams about the process.
What is to inform?
All crocodilians are reptiles with long snouts, long tails, four short legs, tough skin, and sharp teeth. Members of the crocodilian family include alligators, crocodiles, caimans, and gavials. Crocodilians live in warm weather throughout the year and they spend part of their time in the water and part of their time on land. Almost all crocodilians grow to be very large, with the largest more than twenty feet long. There are two kinds of alligators, 14 kinds of crocodiles, eight kinds of caimans, and one kind of gavial.
What is description?
This page provides an organized outline of the topics and chapters in the text.
What is the table of contents?
These sub-sections fall under a main heading to divide the content into more specific topics.
What is a subheading?
The writer urges readers to recycle more by explaining the environmental impact of plastic waste and offering tips on reducing plastic use.
What is to persuade?
On the river banks of the Nile River, home to some crocodiles, there are many kinds of birds, sometimes called crocodile birds because they are always hopping around crocodiles. The big crocodiles and the birds are useful to each other for several reasons. The birds eat flies and leeches that they find on the crocodiles’ skin and mouths. In this way, the birds get a good mean and the crocodiles get rid of the leeches and flies. Sometimes an enemy frightens the birds who scream and fly away. As a result of the noise, the birds give the crocodiles a warning of danger.
What is cause and effect?
This alphabetically ordered list gives page numbers for topics in the text.
What is an index?
A short statement that briefly summarizes the topic of the text, often found under a heading.
What is a caption?
An article talks about the history of Mount Everest expeditions, describing key moments in an adventurous, exciting way.
What is to entertain?
In most parts of the world there are not as many crocodiles as there used to be. This is a problem because crocodiles are becoming endangered and also crocodile are necessary to the balance of nature. Many crocodiles have died because people dried up the swamps and marshes where the crocodiles live. Poachers have also contributed to the dilemma as crocodiles have been desired for their strong, smooth, leathery skins. In order to preserve these mighty creatures, people must take care of the crocodiles’ environment and help put a stop to the needless shooting of these animals.
What is problem and solution?
This tool is found at the end of the book and explains key terms in alphabetical order.
What is a glossary?
A picture or drawing included to help readers understand the text better.
What is an illustration?
The author writes about the dangers of smoking and uses statistics to show how quitting smoking can improve health and save lives.
What is to persuade?
A chimpanzee’s body is made for climbing and swinging in the trees. First, it uses its long arms to reach a branch. Next, with its flexible hands and feet, it grabs and hooks on to the branch. Finally, it swings from that branch to another branch of tree.
What is sequence?
Elements such as headings, subheadings, and images that help organize and highlight information in the text.
What are text features?
This text feature offers additional information or insights related to the main text.
What is a sidebar.
A passage describes the life cycle of a butterfly, outlining the four stages from egg to adult, with specific scientific details.
What is to inform?
Chimpanzees and humans are alike in many ways. A baby chimp laughs when its mother tickles it. After chimpanzees fight, they kiss and make up. When one chimpanzee comforts another, it gives it a hug or pat on the back. There are, of course, many ways that chimpanzees and humans are different. Chimpanzees are smaller and stronger than humans. An adult male chimpanzee stands three or four feet tall and weighs about 100 pounds. But a chimpanzee can lift more weight than a man who is six feet tall.
What is compare & contrast?