General Pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics describes what the ___ does to the drug.
What is body?
This ion makes up about 90% of the intracellular cation content.
What is potassium?
These organelles generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.
What are mitochondria?
These are the fundamental units of the nervous system, specialized for transmitting electrical signals.
What are neurons?
This excitatory neurotransmitter is the primary mediator of fast synaptic transmission in the central nervous system.
What is glutamate?
The central compartment includes these organs/tissues.
What are the lungs, heart, great vessels, and vessel-rich group?
The sodium-potassium ATPase pump moves this many sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions it brings in.
What is three?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with these, which are the sites of protein synthesis.
What are ribosomes?
This insulating material speeds conduction along axons by allowing saltatory conduction.
What is myelin?
This inhibitory neurotransmitter, acting through chloride channels, is the major target of benzodiazepines and propofol.
What is GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)?
Most acidic drugs bind primarily to this plasma protein.
What is albumin?
This type of intravenous solution initially appears isotonic but becomes hypotonic as glucose is metabolized.
What is 5% dextrose in water?
This organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for breaking down damaged cell parts and pathogens.
What are lysosomes?
This ion influx is primarily responsible for depolarization of the neuronal membrane during an action potential.
What is sodium?
These rhythmic brain waves, typically 8–13 Hz, are seen during relaxed wakefulness with eyes closed.
What are alpha waves?
The four pathways of drug metabolism.
What are oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and conjugation?
This protein family forms water channels in membranes, allowing rapid water flux across cells.
What are aquaporins?
This structure packages proteins and lipids and is essential for secretion and lysosome formation.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
This part of the brainstem regulates consciousness and arousal and is the primary target of general anesthetics.
What is the reticular activating system?
During an action potential, this ion’s efflux is primarily responsible for repolarization of the neuronal membrane.
What is potassium?
This pharmacokinetic parameter is the volume in which a drug would need to be distributed to account for its plasma concentration after administration.
What is the volume of distribution (Vd)?
This compartment contains about one-third of total body water and is further divided into plasma and interstitial fluid.
What is the extracellular fluid compartment?
This genetic material is inherited almost exclusively from the mother and encodes 13 proteins critical for cellular respiration.
What is mitochondrial DNA?
These intraoperative neurophysiologic tests monitor the functional integrity of descending motor pathways.
What are motor evoked potentials (MEPs)?
This type of evoked potential, often monitored during spinal surgery, reflects the functional integrity of ascending sensory pathways.
What is the somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP)?