Mendelian Inheritance
Complex Inheritance
Processes of Evolution
Evidence for Evolution
? Grab Bag ?
100
A genotype like "pp" or "PP." The genotype of all individuals of a true-breeding variety.
What is HOMOZYGOUS?
100
Example: BB = black, Bb = gray, bb = white.
What is INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE?
100
Mechanism proposed by Darwin to explain how evolution works to produce life's many adaptations.
What is NATURAL SELECTION?
100
The patterns of _________________ show that species are found where there ancestors lived.
What is BIOGEOGRAPHY?
100
This method allows us to put a date on a rock by measuring the elements and isotopes found within it.
What is RADIOMETRIC DATING?
200
A form, flavor, or variety of a gene.
What is an allele?
200
Example: mutant allele causes many different health problems in homozygotes; we call this sickle cell anemia. Same mutant allele causes malaria resistance in heterozygotes.
What is PLEIOTROPY (ONE GENE, MANY EFFECTS)?
200
The bodybuilder Charles Atlas had two children (a son and a daughter). Arnold Schwarzenegger has five children, maybe more. Of the two, this man has higher evolutionary fitness.
Who is ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER?
200
A tailbone (coccyx) is not necessary in humans, and it is prone to injury. Such "leftover" traits point to features that were found in our ancestors and are called _____________ traits.
What is VESTIGIAL?
200
This major historic event happened in the United States just after Darwin's most important book, The Origin of Species, was first published.
What is THE CIVIL WAR.
300
The phenotype or trait that shows up in heterozygotes.
What is the DOMINANT phenotype or trait?
300
Example: human height is controlled by many different genes, each having a small effect.
What is POLYGENIC INHERITANCE?
300
The 300 people who now live on the tiny isolated island of Tristan da Cunha all descend from 15 founders. They have an extremely high risk of asthma. This is a direct result of evolution by ______________.
What is the FOUNDER EFFECT (or GENETIC DRIFT)?
300
Details that are shared among related species and can be traced back to their common ancestors are called...
What is HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES?
300
Modern biologists agree that humans are at least distantly related to...
What is EVERY SPECIES OF LIFE ON EARTH?
400
Two unaffected carriers can produce an affected child if a disorder is _________________.
What is RECESSIVE?
400
Genetic disorders that are _______________ can run in families and persist, even though they are very harmful and act early in life.
What is RECESSIVE (such disorders can "hide" in carriers, or even help them sometimes).
400
This process of evolution could bring a new allele into existence for the very first time. For example, it could produce the first black mouse in a population where all of the mice are tan.
What is MUTATION?
400
Cave fish, cave crayfish, cave crickets, cave salamanders... all have pigmentation lacking or reduced: they are pale white or pink in color. But in each case their ancestors were normally colored. This is an example of...
What is CONVERGENT EVOLUTION?
400
This feature is a homologous structure shared by you and a salamander. *This answer has more than one correct question!
What is ANY LIMB BONE, LUNG, BACKBONE, SKULL, JAW, HEART, MOST other major INTERNAL ORGANS, EYE, NOSE, ANY CELLULAR ORGANELLE (e.g. MITOCHONDRION, RIBOSOME)... and much more.
500
A male bird has a red crest, which is a dominant trait. The alternative phenotype is a black crest (recessive). To figure out the genotype of the red-crested male...
What is BREED HIM WITH A BLACK-CRESTED FEMALE? This is a TEST CROSS.
500
______________ can be a source of lethal genetic disorders that are extremely rare, are dominant, and act early in life.
What is MUTATION (such disorders pop up at random)?
500
This subtle form of evolution keeps things the same in a stable environment; for example, it keeps human birth weights close to average, keeps eggshell thicknesses close to average, keeps most mouse populations medium brown...
What is STABILIZING SELECTION?
500
Half of this would be missing from a rock that is about 4.5 billion years old.
What is URANIUM-238, a radioactive isotope of Uranium?
500
The approximate number of candles you would need to make a birthday cake for Earth.
What is about 4.5 BILLION?
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