Obj 1: Role of DNA & Chromosomes
Obj 2: DNA Sequences & Sexual Reproduction
Obj 3: Role of Proteins
Obj 4: Transcription
Obj 5: Translation
Obj 6: DNA Mutations
100
Read the statement.
All of DNA directly codes to make proteins.
Is this statement true or false?
False. Only a small percentage of DNA directly codes for proteins.
100
In sexual reproduction, why is fertilization necessary to produce an organism?
a. Fertilization is needed so that the egg cell can obtain nutrients from the sperm cell. Without these nutrients, an organism cannot develop.
b. Fertilization allows an organism to reproduce asexually, making identical clones of itself.
c. Fertilization allows an organism to receive a complete set of chromosomes - one set from each parent.
d. Fertilization is needed to make the cell bigger. A bigger cell leads to the development of an organism.
c. Fertilization allows an organism to receive a complete set of chromosomes - one set from each parent.
100
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Select one:
a. Amino acids.
b. Glucose molecules.
c. Fatty acids.
d. Nucleotides.
a. Amino acids.
100
What pairs with Adenine (A)?
Adenine (A)
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Thymine (T)
100
Which option describes the translation process in the production of proteins?
Select one:
a. Using mRNA as a template to build an amino acid chain.
b. Using DNA as a template to build an amino acid chain.
c. Using DNA as a template to build a tRNA molecule.
a. Using mRNA as a template to build an amino acid chain.
100
What is a frameshift mutation?
Select one:
a. A mutation that causes the rest of the mRNA code to be read incorrectly.
b. A mutation that replaces a nucleotide with another.
c. A mutation that adds a nucleotide to the DNA code.
d. A mutation that removes a nucleotide from the DNA code.
a. A mutation that causes the rest of the mRNA code to be read incorrectly.
200
Which of the following describes how DNA and physical traits are related?
Select one:
a. Sections of DNA code for lipids. Lipids determine traits.
b. All of DNA codes for one protein. This one protein determines all of our physical traits.
c. Sections of DNA code for carbohydrates. Carbohydrates determine traits.
d. Sections of DNA code for proteins. Proteins determine traits.
d. Sections of DNA code for proteins. Proteins determine traits.
200
Which of the following describes the result of independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis?
a. It produces higher quantities of sperm or eggs.
b. It creates genetic differences in sperm and eggs.
c. It makes fertilization go smoothly.
d. It produces individuals that are very similar to their parents.
b. It creates genetic differences in sperm and eggs.
200
Brown eye color is determined by a pigment called melanin. A person with blue eyes has very low amounts of melanin in their eye cells. This means they do not have the ____ that produce melanin.
Which option correctly completes this statement?
Select one:
a. Protein.
b. Deoxyribonucleic acid.
c. Lipid.
d. Carbohydrate.
a. Protein.
200
What pairs with Guanine (G)?
Adenine (A)
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
200
What is the function of tRNA in translation?
Select one:
a. Bringing the correct amino acid molecules to the translation site.
b. Copying the nucleotide order from DNA.
c. Moving the mRNA molecule out of the nucleus.
d. Folding the amino acid chain as it forms.
a. Bringing the correct amino acid molecules to the translation site.
200
Read the statement.
A deletion mutation causes two consecutive nucleotides to be removed from the DNA code.
Which option describes the effect of this mutation?
Select one:
a. The codons up to the affected region will be read incorrectly.
b. Two amino acids will not be present. The rest of the amino acids will be in the protein in the correct order.
c. One amino acid will not be present. The rest of the amino acids will be in the protein in the correct order.
d. The codons from the affected region onwards will be read incorrectly.
d. The codons from the affected region onwards will be read incorrectly.
300
Which molecule stores the instructions for various traits in an organism?
Select one:
a. Protein.
b. Deoxyribonucleic acid.
c. Lipid.
d. Carbohydrate.
b. Deoxyribonucleic acid.
300
Which of the following processes produces gametes, or egg and sperm cells?
Select one:
a. Meiosis.
b. Mitosis.
c. Sexual reproduction.
d. Binary fission.
a. Meiosis.
300
What describes the final form of a protein?
Select one:
a. A three-dimensional structure with a specific shape.
b. A chain that loops on itself multiple times.
c. Multiple separate chains of amino acids.
d. A long chain of amino acids.
a. A three-dimensional structure with a specific shape.
300
Which nucleotides form an RNA molecule?
Choose all that apply:
Uracil (U).
Thymine (T).
Cytosine (C).
Adenine (A).
Uracil (U).
Cytosine (C).
Adenine (A).
300
What are codons?
Select one:
a. The instructions to start protein translation.
b. Groupings of nucleotides that correspond to a specific amino acid.
c. The instructions to stop protein translation.
d. The molecules that bring amino acids to the translation location.
b. Groupings of nucleotides that correspond to a specific amino acid.
300
What is a substitution mutation?
Select one:
a. A mutation where one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA strand.
b. A mutation where one or more nucleotides are added to the DNA strand.
c. A mutation that causes the rest of the mRNA code to be read incorrectly.
d. A mutation that replaces one or more nucleotides with another.
d. A mutation that replaces one or more nucleotides with another.
400
Describe a chromosome:
Most human cells have two copies of each chromosome - one from each parent.
Chromosomes consist of tightly coiled DNA wrapped around proteins called histones.
400
Read the statement.
During sexual reproduction, the sperm and the _____ join. This process is called _____.
Which option correctly completes this sentence?
Select one:
a. egg, fertilization
b. egg, crossing over
c. ovary, crossing over
d. ovary, fertilization
a. egg, fertilization
400
Read the statement.
Sickle cell disease is a trait that is caused by an amino acid replacing another amino acid in hemoglobin structures.
Which option describes the difference between normal hemoglobin and sickle cell hemoglobin?
Select one:
a. Normal hemoglobin releases oxygen molecules easily. Sickle cell hemoglobin binds strongly to oxygen.
b. Normal hemoglobin is found outside red blood cells. Sickle cell hemoglobin cannot survive outside of blood cells.
c. Normal hemoglobin moves freely in red blood cells. Sickle cell hemoglobin binds to itself and forms rods.
d. Normal hemoglobin is round-shaped. Sickle cell hemoglobin is sickle-shaped.
c. Normal hemoglobin moves freely in red blood cells. Sickle cell hemoglobin binds to itself and forms rods.
400
What is the type of RNA that is involved in transcription?
Select one:
a. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
b. Messenger RNA (mRNA).
c. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
d. Transport RNA (tRNA).
b. Messenger RNA (mRNA).
400
Read the statement.
Each codon consists of _____ and codes for _____.
Which option correctly completes this statement?
Select one:
a. three nucleotides, a specific protein
b. three nucleotides, a specific amino acid
c. three genes, a specific protein
d. three genes, a specific amino acid
b. three nucleotides, a specific amino acid
400
Read the statement.
A deletion mutation causes three consecutive nucleotides to be removed from the DNA code.
Which options describe the possible effects of this mutation?
Choose 2:
a. Three amino acids may not be present. The rest of the amino acids would be in the protein in the correct order.
b. One amino acid may not be present. The rest of the amino acids would be in the protein in the correct order.
c. The codons up to the affected region may be read incorrectly.
d. The codons from the affected region onward may be read incorrectly.
b. One amino acid may not be present. The rest of the amino acids would be in the protein in the correct order.
d. The codons from the affected region onward may be read incorrectly.
500
Study the image.
The image shows how DNA is packed.
Which label in the image shows histones?
3
500
Which of the following does not create genetic variation causing offspring to look different from their parents?
a. DNA Replication.
b. Independent assortment (or orientation) of chromosomes during meiosis.
c. Random fertilization of egg and sperm cells.
d. Crossing over during meiosis.
a. DNA Replication.
500
Read the statement.
During transcription, the DNA strand being transcribed has the following nucleotides: CTT CAG.
What would be the matching nucleotides on the mRNA?
Select one:
a. AUU ATC.
b. ACC AUC.
c. GAA GUC.
d. GUU GTC.
c. GAA GUC.
500
How does being hydrophobic affect protein folding?
Select one:
a. Hydrophobic proteins try to avoid water. A group of hydrophobic proteins will form a cluster.
b. Hydrophobic proteins try to avoid water. A group of hydrophobic proteins will spread out.
c. Hydrophobic proteins are attracted to water. A group of hydrophobic proteins will spread out.
d. Hydrophobic proteins are attracted to water. A group of hydrophobic proteins will form a cluster.
a. Hydrophobic proteins try to avoid water. A group of hydrophobic proteins will form a cluster.