DNA & Genes
The molecule that carries genetic information.
What is DNA?
Which is the largest: gene, chromosome, nucleotide, or nucleus
Nucleus
What is gene expression
genes being turned on or off in response to specific conditions.
What is protein synthesis?
Making proteins
What type of RNA carries the genetic message from DNA?
mRNA
A section of DNA that codes for a specific trait.
Gene
How many chromosomes are found in the nucleus of human body cell?
46 Chromosomes
Why do liver cells and nerve cells make different proteins
Different genes are expressed in different cells.
What are the two steps of protein synthesis?
Transcription and translation
What is a codon?
3-Base Sequence of mRNA
The structure of a DNA molecule is known as the _____.
Double Helix
Which structure contains about 22,000 genes?
Nucleus (human cell)
Does gene expression change the DNA sequence?
No, it affects which gene is used
Where does transcription occur?
In the nucleus
What molecule matches codons with amino acids?
tRNA
DNA is made up of smaller units called ______.
Nucleotides
Arrange these from largest to smallest: gene, chromosome, nucleotide
What determines which proteins a cell produces?
Genes turned on in that cell.
Where does translation occur?
Ribosome
What do codons ultimately determine?
Order of amino acids in a protein.
Something that causes cancer
Carcinogen or Radiation
How does gene expression links DNA to traits?
Genes control the production of proteins, and proteins determine traits.
Freckles and dimples are determined by ______.
Genes
How can a mutation affect traits?
Changing the structure or function of a protein
Why is mRNA needed for protein synthesis
Carries instructions from DNA to the ribosomes.