Cellular connections
Cytokines
Humoral immunity
and the Nobel goes to...
Miscellaneous
100
Phagocytic cell type that resides in tissues and develops from monocytes
What are macrophages?
100
Type of cytokine that directs cells towards the site of infection.
What are chemokines?
100

This immunoglobulin is the first antibody produced during primary immune responses

What is IgM?

100
Molecule involved in tissue transplant rejection. Later, Rolf Zinkernagel and Peter Doherty discovered that it also presents viral antigens to cytotoxic T cells.
What is Major Histocompatibility Complex I (MHC I)?
100
Term for a lymphocyte that persists following an infection and is capable of mounting a vigorous response upon reinfection with the same pathogen.
What is memory cell?
200

These antigen presenting cells activate naive T cells in lymph nodes

What are dendritic cells?

200

Cytokine produced by Th1 cells that activates macrophage bactericidal function.

What is IFN-gamma?

200

This process improves the strength of antigen-antibody binding during a germinal center reaction

What is affinity maturation?

200
Myeloid-derived antigen presenting cells discovered by Ralph Steinman.
What are Dendritic Cells?
200
Enzyme produced in B cells undergoing a germinal center reaction that is required for mutating the variable region.
What is Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID)?
300
Adhesion molecules that facilitate neutrophil rolling along vascular endothelium.
What are selectins?
300

Cytokine produced by Th17 cells that recruits neutrophils to sites of infection

What is IL-17?

300

Name one way the complement system destroys bacteria.

What are opsonization and formation of the membrane attack complex.

300
Process discovered by Susumu Tonegawa that is responsible to generating antibody diversity.
What is VDJ recombination?
300

Protein released by NK cells that activates the caspase pathway of apoptosis.

What is granzyme?

400
Signal delivered by T cells that is required for B cell isotype switching and requires cell-to-cell contact.
What is CD40L?
400
Cytokine required for NK cell development.
What is IL-15?
400
Antibody isotype that neutralizes pathogens, but has weak opsonization and complement fixing activities.
What is IgA?
400
Innate humoral group of proteins discovered by Jules Bordet that helps the immune system to recognize and destroy bacteria.
What is complement?
400

These two characteristics of adaptive immunity distinguish it from innate immunity

What are antigen specificity and immunological memory?

500
In addition to antigen and costimulation, this signal is required for the differentiation of naive CD4 T cells into Th1 effectors.
What is IL-12?
500

Name a cytokine produced by Th2 cells

What are IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13?

500

The main antibody isotype involved in Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity

What is IgG?

500
1) The receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and 2) Cytokine produced in response to LPS. These findings were discovered by Bruce Beutler. Hint: the cytokine is named for its anti-cancer activity.
What are 1) Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and 2) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)?
500
Term for a B or T cell proliferating in response to an antigen.
What is clonal expansion?
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