Don't Hate The Player, Hate The Game
Wide Receptors
Fishing for Complements
Adapt, react, apt
Did you read the paper?
100
the primary phagocytic cell that activates T cells and initiates adaptive immune response in the draining node.
What is a dendritic cell?
100
A large Y-shaped protein produced by mature B cells that is used to detect proteins in immunological assays
What is an antibody (immunoglobulin)?
100
This enzyme C3bBb of the complement systems cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b.
What is C3 convertase?
100
The arm of adaptive immunity that protects against intracellular pathogens
What is cell-mediated immunity?
100
In 1973, this Rockefeller University scientist identified the cell type that is almost singularly responsible for commanding the efforts of all other immune cells: the dendritic cell. For this discovery, he received the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Who is Ralph Steinman?
200
A T cell that kills cancer cells, cells that are infected (particularly with viruses), or cells that are damaged in other ways.
What is a cytotoxic T cell?
200
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!! This receptor _________ is found in the endosome of macrophages and can recognize viral dsRNA. Upon recognition, it induces the production of cytokines _________ which signal other cells to increase their antiviral defenses.
What is TLR3 and type I interferons?
200
The pathway of complement activation that is the third to act, involving C-reactive protein or antibody to specific antigen on a pathogen surface. This pathway is linked to adaptive immunity.
What is the classical pathway?
200
The enhanced responses to repeated exposures to the same antigens
What is memory?
200
An in vitro method for assaying responder cell (typically T cell) proliferation, in which lymphocytes of different MHC are cultured together.
What is a mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR)?
300
Fully differentiated B cells that secretes antibodies
What is a plasma cell?
300
DOUBLE JEOPARDY This receptor on the macrophage can bind to C3b that is coating a bacterial surface after complement activation, and the macrophage then engulfs the bacterium through receptor-mediated endocytosis.
What is a CR1?
300
Complement peptides (C3a, C4a and C5a) that are produced as part of the activation of the complement system.
What are Anaphylatoxins?
300
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! The increase of antigen-specific lymphocytes to keep pace with microbes
What is clonal expansion?
300
This organ synthesizes antibodies in its white pulp and removes antibody-coated bacteria and antibody-coated blood cells by way of blood and lymph node circulation.
What is the spleen?
400
Circulating precursor cell to macrophage
What is a monocyte?
400
Interleukins and interferons are an example of this. They are chemical regulators of host responses to infection, immune responses, inflammation, and trauma.
What is a cytokine?
400
TRIPLE JEOPARDY! This protein complex ____________ forms transmembrane channels to disrupt the phospholipid bilayer of pathogenic bacterial cells, leading to cell lysis and death. The protein that polymerizes to form the membrane is called _________.
What is the membrane attack complex (MAC) and C9?
400
A lymphocyte that does not have cytotoxic abilities but can enhance the immune response by activating macrophages to kill phagocytosed microbes or enhancing signals to cytotoxic T cells that directly destroy infected cells.
What is a helper T cell?
400
TRIPLE JEOPARDY! This assay uses a strategy wherein a radioactive nucleoside is incorporated into new strands of chromosomal DNA during mitotic cell division. A scintillation beta-counter is used to measure the radioactivity in DNA recovered from the cells in order to determine the extent of cell division that has occurred.
What is 3-H thymidine uptake/incorporation assay?
500
This type of cell gives rise to all the other blood cells.
What is a hematopoietic stem cell?
500
The transcription factor found in the cytoplasm in an inactive form in macrophages before activation. Signaling through TLRs results in a phosphorylation cascade that converts this factor to its active form, which moves it to the nucleus to direct expression of genes enabling effector function of macrophages.
What is NFkB?
500
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! The coating of C3b molecules on the bacterial cell surface to enhance/induce phagocytosis
What is opsonization?
500
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! This stage in adaptive immune response allows the immune system to respond to newly encountered antigens
What is contraction (homeostasis)?
500
A specialized organ of the immune system in which T cells are "educated" (activated by presented antigen)
What is the lymph node?
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