First Lines of Defense
These 3 main categories make up the barriers in the first line of defense in innate immunity
What are Physical, Chemical, and Microbiota barriers.
This is the process of cells maturing from an immature stem cell
What is Hematopoesis?
These molecules on the surface of immune cells bind to molecules that they recognize as being part of a pathogen.
What is a Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR)?
These molecules aid in attracting neutrophils to the site of a pathogen via chemotaxis
What is a Chemokine?
This type of immunity is both fast and non-specific
what is Innate Immunity
These are 2 ways in which the normal flora help prevent colonization of invading pathogens.
What are "compete for space/binding sites" and "comets for nutrients"?
This cell type includes the neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
What are granulocytes?
This animal served as a model for the discover of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) .
What is a fruitfly?
These molecules are produced by cells infected with a virus.
What are interferons?
This term refers to all white blood cells in the immune system
What is a leukocyte?
this category of chemical defenses is secreted by epithelial cells and disrupts pathogens' membranes
What is Defensin?
Both these cell types differentiate from monocytes
What are Macrophage and Dendritic Cells?
This category of molecules is one that the human immune system recognizes as being part of a pathogen.
What is a Pathogen Associated Molecule Pattern or PAMP?
This process allows complement proteins to tag a pathogen and enable a more efficient phagocytosis.
This process of the dilation of blood vessels allows leukocytes to migrate into tissues.
what is Diapedisis?
This enzyme, found in both tears and saliva, is more effective against Gram negative bacteria than Gram +
What is Lysozyme?
This cell type, known as a professional Antigen Presenting Cell, is also capable of phagocytosis.
What is a Dendritic Cell?
This part of a Gram negative bacterium is one of the most well-studied PAMPS.
What is the LPS?
All 3 pathways that initiate the Complement System result in the activation of C3 Convertase which catalyzes this chemical reaction.
What is the Spitting of C3 into C3a (attract) + C3b (bind)
These cellular structures are produced by the Golgi and fuse with a phagosome during phagocytosis
What is a Lysosome?
These molecules that help cells communicate are released by cells and include interleukins and interferons
What are cytokines?
This phagocytic granulocyte is generally the first on the scene when a pathogen appears
What is a neutrophil?
This is a common PAMP that is specific to Gram positive bacteria
What is Lipoteichoic Acid or Teichoic Acid?
This series of proteins results from the polymerization of several complement proteins and inserts itself into the microbial membrane.
What is the Membrane Attack Complex?
This group of proteins, which bind to antigens within an APC and present them on the surface of the cell, are recognized by CD4+ t-cells.
What is the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II (MHC II)?