Networks
What is an informal network in an organization?
An informal network is the real pattern of relationships through which people share information, knowledge, advice, and support in everyday work, beyond the formal org chart.
Why can Social Network Analysis (SNA) be useful in organizations?
Because it makes invisible collaboration visible and helps identify central people, bottlenecks, disconnected groups, and opportunities to improve coordination.
According to Schilling and Phelps, what are clustering and reach?
Clustering means local pockets of dense connections, while reach means being able to access many other actors through short paths in the network.
According to Ahuja et al., what are the four main microfoundations of network evolution?
The four microfoundations are agency, opportunity, inertia, and random/exogenous factors.
Why do Schilling and Phelps argue that networks with both high clustering and high reach support more innovation?
Because clustering improves communication and information transmission, while reach gives access to more diverse knowledge. Together, they help firms combine ideas more effectively and generate more innovation.