Paradigm
Ethnomusicologists and Anthropologists
Ethnography
Theory and Method
Techniques, Hypothesis, and Study Object
100
The concept became a very popular one in academic circles with the publication of Thomas Kuhn's (1962) book.
What is The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
100
This ethnomusicologist and cultural anthropologist is best known for his musical studies of Native America and Africa. His 1964 The Anthropology of Music outlines and develops a theory and method for studying music from an anthropological perspective and using anthropology methods.
What is Alan P. Merriam
100
The single most important shared aspect among the paradigms of ethnomusicologists at present is ethography as a way of carrying out research. Ethnography typically involves face-to-face (fill in these two methods) of and in performance.
What is observation and participation
100
Theories are more than merely abbreviated summaries of data, since they not only tell us what happens but (complete this sentence).
What is why it happens as it does.
100
Once a theoretical orientation or general framework is identified, we can then identify (complete this statement) for carrying out the research.
What is method.
200
Kuhn defined paradigm as the shared understandings and agreements that form the lens used by scientists to proceed in conducting (?????)
What is Normal Science.
200
By the late 1950s, American ethnomusicology was divided into two camps; those with musicological backgrounds, led by (identify this ethnomusicologist) at UCLA, while those with anthropological training, were led by Alan Merriam at University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana. (Identify this ethnomusicologist) gathered at the UCLA Institute of Ethnomusicology a distinguished circle of foreign musician-teachers including José Maceda (Philipines), Kwabena Nketia (Ghana), and Hardja Susilo (Java). Beginning in 1960, this program offered instruction in Javanese, Persian, Japanese, Mexican, Indian, Balinese, Greek, and African musics. Ethnomusicology graduates from UCLA found jobs in major American universities and (identify this ethnomusicology) was one of the first to proclaim ethnomusicology to be the study of any and all musics.
Who is Mantle Hood
200
Ethnography "embraces (fill in this statement) of how people create, perform, and critique music in societies around the world, including our own.
What are descriptive details
200
Any worthwhile theory should thus perform the double function of explaining facts already known as well as opening up new vistas which can lead us to (complete this sentence).
What is new facts.
200
One method many ethnomusicologists use is:
What is participant-observation.
300
Kuhn outlined a set of chronological phases for paradigms: (1) a pre-paradigm stage (2) crystallization of a dominant paradigm with the beginning of a normal science and (3)
What is scientific revolutions.
300
More than twenty years after Merriam's influential publication of The Anthropology of Music, (identify this ethnomusicologist) referred to Merriam's work as "probably the best example of an effective model in the recent history of ethnomusicology." (identify this ethnomusicologist) went on to advocate for "different approaches."
Who is Anthony Seeger
300
Essential to ethnography as conducted by ethnomusicologists is (fill in the blank) carried out on location among people who perform--wherever on teh globe they may live.
What is field work.
300
A (identify this point) refers to "events occurring in a specific space-time context."
What is descriptive statement.
300
Part of the research package that science employs and is sometimes mentioned in ethnomusicology.
What is hypothesis.
400
Alan Merriam proposed in the 1960s a three-part "model" that addresses which three items?
What is (1) music sound (2) behavior in relation to that sound (3) conceptualization about music.
400
Reflecting a perspective from British musical studies, this ethnomusicologist envisioned a field called "cultural musicology," as he wrote in 2003. Recognizing a number of trajectories of scholarship, he said, "Nonetheless, different approaches are interacting, and and with increasing intensity, such that it is clear that a new paradigm is on the horizon.
Who is Richard Middleton
400
This research employs close and sustained interactions--often face to face-- with the people whose music is the focus of study. It implies immersion into the daily life, musical performances, and other aspects of the society in which they live.
What is fieldwork
400
When students in music departments or schools take courses in (identify this subject), they are studying the logic of sounds relating to other sounds, particularly harmonic progressions.
What is music theory.
400
Rather than hypotheses, several broad questions typically frame and guide ethnomusicologists as they conduct research. These (fill in the blank) are encompassing in nature, and, like the theoretical orientation, are quite general and abstract.
What are research questions.
500
Alan Merriam posited that there were, many or less , two approaches to ethnomusicology-- what he liked to call "(??)" --one approach derived from the anthropoological perspective and another that was inspired by the musicological viewpoint.
What is "two horns of the dilemma"
500
Father of folk singer/musical activist Pete Seeger, this musicologist/ethnomusicologist envisioned the Society for Ethnomusicology as a place where people who are studying music from very different perspectives can report on their work as well as listen to or read each other's reports" -- Instead of everyone going the same route, reporting back to each other on what we have seen, heard, or discovered on our travels. Rather than providing a single point of departure, the field and the Society of Ethnomusicology provide a place to report on our arrivals."
Who is Charles Seeger
500
This site where research is conducted may constitute more than one geographic location. Because people live in dispersed communities around the world, this site for some researchers has become multiple geographic locations.
What is the field.
500
In ethnomusicology, we consider the sort of theory with which we are contending to be much more general and abstract than the logic of chord progression. A theory in ethnomusicology might be one such as Alan Lomax's theory offered in (identify this book).
What is Folk Song Style and Culture.
500
The most explicit statement about the focus of a research project is identification of the (complete this statement). . . Theoretical orientations and research questions may provide a few hints, but they man not directly address the unit of analysis. Certain of these items may be associated with a specific approach. Among early comparative musicologists, for example, the "song" was the unit of analysis.
What is study object.
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