Faults
a break in the Earth's crust where masses of rock slip past one another
What is fault?
A bend in layers of rock
What is fold?
a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
What is stress?
a section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, likely made of both continental and oceanic crust
What is plate?
mountains that form when molten rock erupts onto the earth's continental surface
a type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust
What is normal fault?
an upward fold in rock formed by compression of Earth's crust
What is anticline?
stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
What is tension?
the theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle
What is plate tectonics?
an long, underwater mountain chain made of molten rock pushing up through the oceanic crust, then cooling
What is mid-ocean ridge?
a type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust
What is reverse fault?
a downward fold in rock formed by compression in Earth's crust
What is syncline?
stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
What is compression?
a plate boundary where two plates move away from each other
What is divergent boundary?
a wide lowland area that forms where a continental plate begins to separate in opposite directions.
What is rift valley?
a type of fault where rocks on either side moves in opposite, horizontal directions
What is strike-slip fault?
the process by which new molten rock pushes up through the oceanic crust forcing existing crust to be pushed outward to either side
What is sea-floor spreading?
stress that moves rock in two opposite, horizontal directions
What is shearing?
a plate boundary where two plates move toward each other
What is convergent boundary?
a deep valley along the ocean floor where oceanic crust slowly sinks toward the mantle
What is deep-ocean trench?
the block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault.
What is hanging wall?
the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath other crust and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary
What is subduction?
an area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it (is not a type of stress but has a similar effect where the crust is altered)
What is hot spot?
a plate boundary where two plates move past each other horizontally in opposite directions, not separating
What is transform boundary?
a line of oceanic volcanoes formed along a deep-ocean trench at a plate boundary
What is island arc?