_____ IS A MOLTEN MIXTURE OF ROCK-FORMING SUBSTANCES, GASES, AND WATER FROM THE MANTLE.
What is MAGMA?
100
BENEATH A VOLCANO, MAGMA COLLECTS IN A POCKET CALLED A _____ _____.
What is MAGMA CHAMBER?
100
A _____ _____ IS AN AREA WHERE MATERIAL FROM DEEP WITHIN THE MANTLE RISES AND THEN MELTS THE SURROUNDING ROCK, FORMING MAGMA.
What is a HOT SPOT?
100
GEOLOGISTS OFTEN USE THE TERMS _____, _____, OR _____ TO DESCRIBE A VOLCANO'S STAGE OF ACTIVITY.
What are ACTIVE, DORMANT, or EXTINCT?
100
GEOLOGISTS CLASSIFY ROCKS INTO THREE MAJOR GROUPS: _____ ROCK, _____ ROCK, AND _____ ROCK.
What are IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY, and METAMORPHIC?
200
WHEN MAGMA REACHES THE SURFACE, IT IS CALLED _____.
What is LAVA?
200
THE MAGMA MOVES UPWARD THROUGH A _____, A LONG TUBE IN THE GROUND THAT CONNECTS THE MAGMA CHAMBER TO EARTH'S SURFACE.
What is PIPE?
200
MAGMA SOMETIMES BREAKS THROUGH THE OCEAN FLOOR, CREATING VOLCANOES. THESE VOLCANOES SOMETIMES CREATE A STRING OF ISLANDS CALLED AN _____ _____.
What is an ISLAND ARC?
200
AT SOME PLACES ON EARTH'S SURFACE, THIN LAYERS OF LAVA POUR OUT OF A VENT AND HARDEN ON TOP OF PREVIOUS LAYERS. SUCH LAVA FLOWS GRADUALLY BUILD A WIDE, GENTLY SLOPING MOUNTAIN CALLLED A _____ _____.
What is SHIELD VOLCANO?
200
_____ ROCK FORMS FROM THE COOLING OF MAGMA OR LAVA.
What is IGNEOUS?
300
A _____ IS A WEAK SPOT IN THE CRUST WHERE MOLTEN MATERIAL (MAGMA) COMES TO THE SURFACE.
What is a VOLCANO?
300
MOLTEN ROCK AND GAS LEAVE THE VOLCANO THROUGH AN OPENING CALLED A _____.
What is VENT?
300
WHEN A VOLCANO ERUPTS, THE FORCE OF THE _____ _____ PUSHES MAGMA FROM THE MAGMA CHAMBER THROUGH THE PIPE UNTIL IT FLOWS OR EXPLODES OUT OF THE VENT.
What are EXPANDING GASES?
300
IF A VOLCANO'S LAVA IS VERY THICK (HIGH VISCOSITY), IT MAY PRODUCE ASH, CINDERS, AND BOMBS. THESE MATERIALS BUILD UP AROUND A VENT IN A STEEP, CONE-SHAPED HILL OR SMALL MOUNTAIN CALLED A _____ _____.
What is CINDER CONE?
300
MOST _____ ROCK FORMS WHEN PARTICLES OF OTHER ROCKS OR THE REMAINS OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS ARE PRESSED TOGETHER AND CEMENTED TOGETHER.
What is SEDIMENTARY?
400
ONE MAJOR VOLCANIC BELT IS THE _____ _____ _____, FORMED BY THE MANY VOLCANOES THAT RIM THE PACIFIC OCEAN.
What is RING OF FIRE?
400
A _____ _____ IS THE AREA COVERED BY LAVA AS IT POURS OUT OF A VENT.
What is LAVA FLOW?
400
GEOLOGISTS CLASSIFY VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS AS _____ OR _____.
What is QUIET or EXPLOSIVE?
400
SOMETIMES, LAVA FLOWS ALTERNATE WITH EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS OF ASH, CINDER, AND BOMBS. THE RESULT IS A _____ _____, WHICH IS A TALL, CONE-SHAPED MOUNTAIN.
What is COMPOSITE VOLCANO?
400
_____ ROCK FORMS WHEN AN EXISTING ROCK IS CHANGED BY HEAT, PRESSURE, OR CHEMICAL REACTIONS.
What is METAMORPHIC?
500
VOLCANIC BELTS FORM ALONG THE BOUNDARIES OF EARTH'S _____.
What are PLATES?
500
A _____ IS A BOWL-SHAPED AREA THAT MAY FORM AT THE TOP OF A VOLCANO AROUND THE CENTRAL VENT.
What is a CRATER?
500
A _____ _____ OCCURS WHEN AN EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION HURLS OUT A MIXTURE OF HOT GASES, ASH, CINDERS, AND BOMBS.
What is PYROCLASTIC FLOW?
500
THE HUGE HOLE LEFT BY THE COLLAPSE OF A VOLCANIC MOUNTAIN IS CALLED A _____.
What is CALDERA?
500
IN THE PROCESS OF _____, RUNNING WATER, WIND, OR ICE LOOSEN AND CARRY AWAY FRAGMENTS OF ROCK.