Plate Tectonics
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Minerals
Miscellaneous
100
A place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions are known as what type of boundary?
What is transform boundary
100
What is stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions called?
What is shearing
100
Before lava reaches the surface, the molten material is called what?
What is magma
100
What is the hardest known mineral? What is the softest mineral on the Moh's hardness scale?
What is diamond is the hardest and talc is the softest.
100
What are S waves also known as?
What are secondary waves
200
Using data from seismic waves, geologists have learned that the earth's interior is made up of several what?
What are layers
200
What type of stress force produces reverse faults?
What is compression
200
What are the Hawaiian islands an example of?
What are volcanoes forming over a hot spot
200
What is the streak of a mineral?
What is the color of the mineral's powder
200
Do surface waves move faster or slower than P and S waves?
What is slower
300
Explain Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift, and what was it called?
What is Pangaea. His hypothesis was that the continents were once joined together in a single landmass. The supercontinent was called Pangaea.
300
What is the focus?
What is the point beneath earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquake.
300
What is Pahoehoe?
What is fast-moving, hot lava
300
What does it mean to be inorganic?
What is that it contains no materials that are or once were part of a living thing.
300
Explain what a tsunami is.
What is a giant wave of water approaching the shore as a result of a major earthquake.
400
How is a mountain range produced?
What is a collision between two pieces of continental crusts at a converging boundary.
400
What is an after shock and when can it occur?
What is an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area. They may strike hours, days, or even months after a large earthquake.
400
What is a caldera?
What is the huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain.
400
What is the difference between the size of the crystals when that magma cools slowly compared to when it cools quickly?
What is when it cools slowly, the crystals are larger. When it cools quickly the crystals are smaller.
400
In sea floor spreading, where does the molten material that rises from the mantle erupt?
What is along mid-ocean ridges
500
Moving from the outermost part of the earth to the innermost part of the earth, list the layers of the earth in order.
What is the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core.
500
What is the difference between P waves and S waves?
What is P waves are the type of seismic waves that arrive at the surface first and move by compressing and expanding the ground like an accordion. S waves are seismic waves that vibrate from side to side as well as up and down.
500
Describe the three stages of a volcano.
What is an active volcano is one that is erupting or has shown signs that it may erupt in the near future. A dormant volcano may awaken in the future and become active. An extinct volcano is unlikely to erupt again.
500
List the five characteristics that a substance must have in order to be considered a mineral.
What is in order to be considered a mineral, the substance must be a solid, inorganic, naturally occurring substance. It must have a crystal structure and it must have a definite chemical composition.
500
Compare and contrast the outer core and the inner core.
What is the outer core is hot, molten iron and nickel under extreme pressure. Convection currents cause movements in the liquid outer core. The outer core surrounds the inner core, which occupies the center of the earth. The inner core is also iron and nickel and is also extremely hot. The pressure within the inner core is so great that it remains a solid, while the outer core is a liquid.
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