This layer of solid rock includes both wet and dry land and the ocean floor.
What is the crust?
100
Wegener's hypothesis was that all continents were once joined together in a single landmass and have since drifted apart.
What is the theory of continental drift?
100
Tension, compression, and shearing
What are the three types of stress brought on a rock?
100
Volcanic belts form along here.
What are plate boundaries?
100
Was never alive.
What is inorganic?
200
This layer is made up of rock that is very hot but solid. It is divided into sublayers.
What is the mantle?
200
The nickname for the single landmass that once had all of the continents.
What is Pangea?
200
normal, reverse, strike-slip
What are three types of faults?
200
Forms above a hotspot when magma erupts through the crust and reaches the surface.
What is a volcano?
200
Each mineral has these which are used to identify them.
What are characteristic properties?
300
This layer is made mostly of metals iron and nickel. It consists of two parts.
What is the core?
300
It is a device used to bounce soundwaves underwater to determine depth.
What is sonar?
300
When there is an earthquake these are the first waves to appear.
What are P waves?
300
The force that expands and pushes magma from the magma chamber.
What are trapped gases?
300
Metallic, glassy, waxy, dull, silky, and earthy are examples of this.
What are types of luster?
400
It is impossible to drill deeper than Earth's crust, so indirect methods must be used to learn about Earth's interior.
What is it difficult to determine Earth's inner structure?
400
The seafloor moves along both sides of the mid-ocean ridge as new crust is added.
What is sea-floor spreading?
400
A rating scale used to estimate the total energy released during an earthquake.
What is the Moment Magnitude Scale?
400
Occurs when an explosive eruption hurls out a mixture of hot gases, ash, cinders, and bombs.
What is a pyroclastic flow?
400
Minerals form as this cools from inside the crust. When they turn to solids we get crystals.
How does magma affect the formation of minerals?
500
These are released during earthquakes and travel at different speeds in different layers. By analyzing these, scientists can infer what the interior of Earth is like.