Prison History & Design
What was the first prison in the U.S., built in a Connecticut copper mine?
Old Newgate Prison
What is the highest level of state correctional facility?
Maximum security
What is the process of adapting to prison subculture called?
Prisonization
At what age is someone considered elderly in prison?
Age 50-55.
What 2003 law was passed to address sexual assault in prisons?
Prisoner Rape Elimination Act (PREA).
Which Pennsylvania facility used solitary confinement with the idea of reflections and repentance?
Eastern State Penitentiary
What supervision style has officers remain in pods with inmates, modeling pro-social behavior?
Direct supervision
What are the unwritten rules of inmate behavior classed?
The Convict Code
What legal doctrine allows the juvenile justice system to act as guardian for minors?
Parens patriae
The 13th Amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude except in what case?
As punishment for a crime.
The Auburn System required inmates to work in silence during the day. What was this silent labor model designed to produce for prisons?
Profit from prison labor
Solitary confinement as punishment is called what?
Disciplinary segregation
Prison gangs are officially traced and labeled as what?
Security Threat Groups (STGs).
What law requires prisons to accommodate individuals with disabilities (accessible toilets, showers, etc.)?
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), Title II
Which 2010 case banned life without parole for juveniles in non-homicide cases?
Graham v. Florida
Which prison design features cells radiating from a central control tower, like spokes on a wheel?
Radial spoke design
Protective custody is considered what type of segregation?
Administrative segregation
Name one reason why someone might join a prison gang?
Protection, family-like support, or continuation of street gang membership
What Supreme Court case banned the death penalty for juveniles in 2005?
Roper v. Simmons
What 2012 case banned mandatory life without parole for juveniles convicted of any crime?
Miller v. Alabama
The Panopticon design was intended to create what effect on prisoners’ behavior?
The sense of constant surveillance (discipline through unseen observation).
Which prison level often has no fences or guard towers, with freedom to move around campus?
Minimum security
Disrespecting someone in prison culture is often punished with what?
Violence
Incarcerated women are most often convicted of what type of crime?
Non-violent, drug-related offenses.
Compassionate release allows elderly or terminally ill prisoners to be released. Why is it rarely granted?
Due to the severity of their crimes and political/social resistance despite low risk.