Instruments of the Orchestra (Hard)

Woodwind

100

This instrument is considered one of the oldest instruments

Flute

200

The lower register of the clarinet is called this

Chalumeau

300

This is the only instrument played with all 10 fingers

Bassoon

400

This attaches a double reed to the instrument 

Bocal

500

This instrument, also an animal, was the precursor to the contrabassoon 

Serpent

Brass

100

This instrument was originally used for hunting

French Horn/Horn in F

200

This was the name for the higher pitched baroque brass instrument, similar to a clarinet's range

Clarino

300

This changes the length of the tubing on brass instruments

Valves

400

This was the name of the precursor to the trumpet, used in religious ceremonies

Shofar

500

These instruments were the precursors to the tuba

Ophicleide/Sarrusophone

String

100

This instrument is played while seated

Cello

200

This instrument is the only one that reads the alto clef

Viola

300

This instrument does not play in string quartets

Contrabass 

400

This instrument was the precursor to the violin

Rebab/Rebec

500

The father of the string quartet

Franz Joseph Haydn

Percussion

100

This instrument is played with two mallets and is pitched

Xylophone/Marimba

200

This instrument is a relative of the marimba and xylophone, originated in Africa

Balafon

300

The technique that matters most for percussionists

Stick grip

400

Indian hand drums may have these for different notes and articulations

Syllables/Words

500

Percussionists may often play this many notes in a piece

One

Other

100

This instrument is a relative of the Greek lyre

Harp

200

This instrument plays its notes by plucking strings inside the instrument

Harpsichord

300

This instrument is rarely included in orchestras, but is a woodwind

Saxophone

400

This means a long passage for one instrument 

Solo

500

This is a piece for one instrument with orchestral accompaniment

Concerto