Diabetes
What is the primary difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which little to no insulin is made. Type 2 diabetes is an acquired disease characterized by insulin resistance or decreased insulin production.
What are the three P's? (signs of hyperglycemia)
polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
increases
What is the onset time for Insulin Lispro?
15-30 minutes
What type of event typically leads to a diagnosis of diabetes? (Type 1 or 2)
What could you observe about a patient's breath when they are hyperglycemic?
fruity breath
What should you teach patients to do to avoid hypoglycemic episodes?
eat frequently, keep glucose tablets or candy with them, take oral hypoglycemics/insulin only as prescribed
You have orders to administer Regular Insulin and NPH Insulin to your patient. Which one should you draw up first?
Regular Insulin first, then NPH
What types of things could be causative factors of Type 2 Diabetes?
sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, obesity
What are the 2 biggest medical conditions that prolonged hyperglycemia could lead to?
DKA and HHS
What are the possible complications of prolonged hypoglycemia?
seizure, coma, or death
When is Insulin Lispro typically given?
before meals or at bedtime
What medication is used to treat Type 1 Diabetes?
Insulin
DKA will show glucose AND ketones in the urine, HHS will only show glucose
How do you treat a patient who is shaky and anxious and has a BG level of 66?
give them 15 grams of carbohydrates like crackers or juice, then recheck BG in 15 minutes
Your patient has an order for Lantus Insulin due at 0900. They have been NPO since midnight for a procedure that is scheduled at 1000. What do you do?
What are the first-line medications used to treat Type 2 Diabetes?
Oral hypoglycemics
Which two types of medications should not be given to a patient with hyperglycemia?
corticosteroids and diuretics
Your patient is found unconscious. You find that they have a BG level of 47. What are your two treatment options?
IM glucagon or IV D50
It is 15 minutes before lunch trays arrive and your patients is due for their sliding scale ACHS Insulin Lispro. Their BG reading is 62. How many units would you give?