Previous Readings
In 1720, Ralph Russell took this formal step while interpreting for Deaf artist Benjamin Ferrers, marking an important development in the recognition of legal interpreters.
He took an interpreter’s oath
This author argued that the Neutral Conduit Method is not sufficient in the designated interpreter field.
The Hausers
What's one factor that influences the beginning of the relationship of the Deaf professional and designated interpreter?
Stereotypes the deaf professional and designated interpreter bring to the partnership
Before the 1970s, interpreting was generally viewed as this type of unpaid activity, rather than a paid profession.
Volunteer or charitable service
This UN treaty, abbreviated CRPD, shifted the focus on disability from a medical view to a social and political one, naming professional SL interpreters as a way to ensure accessibility.
What is the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities?
The Nuremberg Trial became a landmark in interpreting history because of its large-scale use of this interpreting method.
Simultaneous interpreting
Gaiba, F. (1999). Interpretation at the Nuremberg Trial. Interpreting, 4(1), 9–22.
This author argued that attitudes and assumptions can affect the working relationship with Deaf professionals
Hilde Haualand
What type of Model did Hauser discourage for designated interpreters?
Neutral Conduit Model
Before national certification, this group determined whether an individual was competent and trustworthy enough to interpret.
The Deaf Community
The World Federation of the Deaf sent a questionnaire to 123 countries and received this many responses.
What is 93?
At a 1964 workshop in this Indiana city, the organization that would become the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf (RID) was established.
Muncie, Indiana
Quigley, S. P. (Ed.). (1965). Interpreting for deaf people (Chapters 1–2). Office of Health, Education, and Welfare.
This author stated interpreters need to be aware of their power and how they interact with Deaf people. Interpreters should reflect on their attitudes and be willing to change their approach to build more respectful relationships with the Deaf community.
Dennis Cokely
Name 5 careers of Deaf professionals who shared their stories in order to write this book.
Doctor (OB/GYN)
Psychotherapist
Film director
The 1975 Education of All Handicapped Children ACT contributed to this educational movement, which Cokely connects to the decline of residential Deaf schools and the isolation of some Deaf children from their community.
Mainstreaming Deaf students into general education settings
In Western and Central Africa and the Arab region, national sign languages are threatened by foreign or artificial systems such as American Sign Language and this regional system.
What is Unified Arab Sign Language?
These four languages were used during the Nuremberg Trial.
English, French, German, and Russian
Gaiba, F. (1999). Interpretation at the Nuremberg Trial. Interpreting, 4(1), 9–22.
Haualand argues that interpreter training without this perspective, from program planning through the final exam, may cause interpreters to unintentionally contribute to the continued violation of deaf people’s rights.
What is a human rights perspective?
TRUE or FALSE
According to Hauser 2008: Designated interpreters often develop effective techniques informally through years of working together.
TRUE
These artificially created signing systems became widespread in 1972, representing English manually and contributing to concerns about the marginalization of ASL.
]
Manually Coded English
Only this many countries reported having all four basics: an interpreter service, training, a code of ethics, and government salary payments.
What is 18?
In 1753, Henry Baker served as both an educator and an interpreter for this Deaf aristocratic woman during a legal proceeding involving family property.
Lady Mary O’Bryen
Leahy, A. M. (2016, January). The history of interpreting. British Deaf News, 14–16.
Who are Hilde Haualand and Dennis Cokely?
One scholar examines how Deaf people and interpreters carry power and relationships in society, while the other addresses the concept of shifting positionality, which challenges interpreters to reconsider their role in relation to the Deaf community.
What are three ways a Deaf professional can show respect toward a designated interpreter?
Communicate expectations clearly
Provide respectful feedback
Respect the interpreter’s limits
Build trust
Support teamwork
This 1973 federal law included Section 504, expanding access to federally funded programs and activities for people with disabilities.
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973
The authors warn that interpreter education that ignores indigenous sign languages and professional ethics may “involuntarily” do this.
What contributes to the continued violation of deaf people’s human rights?