Unit 1
What are 3 components of an atom?
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, and Gas.
What is the periodic table of elements?
A table of elements organized by atomic mass
What are the five types of chemical reactions?
Combination, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, and combustion.
a homogenous mixture of two or more substances
What is an element?
A fundamental substance of which all matter is composed and cannot be broken down by chemical means.
What is a phase change?
When a substance shifts from one state of matter to another.
What are the three classes of elements?
Metals, Nonmetals, and metalloids.
What is the difference between an endothermic reaction and an exothermic reaction?
endothermic absorbs energy and exothermic releases it.
What is a base?
any substance that in water solution is slippery to the touch, tastes bitter, changes the color of indicators (e.g., turns red litmus paper blue), reacts with acids to form salts, and promotes certain chemical reactions (base catalysis).
What is the difference between a compound and an element?
Molecules are two or more atoms joined together from the same element. Compounds are two different elements formed together.
What phase change is liquid water forming into ice?
Freezing
What is a chemical bond?
a force that holds atoms or ions together in a fixed structure or unit.
What is radiation?
The emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.
What is an acid?
A chemical that can donate or produce ions
A characteristic or behavior of a substance when it undergoes a chemical change or reaction.
Who started modern atomic theory?
John Dalton
Name two main types of chemical bonds?
Covalent and ionic.
What is nuclear fission?
a nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of a heavy atom splits into two or smaller nuclei that have masses of relatively similar size.
What are two main types of mixtures?
Homogeneous and heterogeneous
What are the chemical properties of carbon?
Can combine with oxygen to produce CO2 or CO (Oxidation)
Carbon doesn't react with water or acids.
What is modern atomic theory?
All matter is composed of atoms which consist of protons, neutrons and electrons.
What year was the first model of the periodic table created and by who?
1880 by Dmitrii Mendeleev
How was fission discovered?
Otto Hahn discovered nuclear fission during an experiment in which the uranium atom split into barium.
What is the PH Scale?
a measure of how acidic/basic water is