Forces/Motion
This quantity increases when an object has a large mass and is moving fast.
What is momentum?
If a car’s speed doubles (mass constant), its momentum does this.
What is “it doubles”?
Kepler’s Second Law says a planet moves fastest at this point in its orbit.
What is perihelion?
Isotopes of the same element differ in the number of these particles.
What are neutrons?
A covalent bond is defined by atoms doing this with valence electrons.
What is sharing electrons (sharing pairs of valence electrons)?
If a car’s velocity drops from 20 m/s to 10 m/s in 5 seconds, this quantity is negative.
What is acceleration (deceleration)?
This type of energy is associated with an object’s height above the ground.
What is gravitational potential energy?
Kepler’s Second Law is also known by this name.
What is the Law of Equal Areas?
The element with the symbol Na is this.
What is sodium?
In the equation 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O, the coefficient 2 is needed to satisfy this law.
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
Newton’s Second Law says that if net force is doubled and mass stays the same, this doubles.
What is acceleration?
On a frictionless roller coaster, as the car descends and speeds up, this conversion happens.
What is potential energy converting to kinetic energy?
The “equal areas in equal times” idea implies this changes as distance from the Sun changes.
What is orbital speed (velocity)?
Vertical columns on the periodic table are significant because elements in the same column share these.
What are similar chemical properties?
A strong indicator of a chemical reaction (not just a physical change) is an unexpected color change plus this.
What is the formation of a gas?
In a crash, airbags reduce injury risk by increasing this, which reduces the force felt.
What is the time of collision (impact time)?
In a Claim–Evidence–Reasoning response, this part explains why the evidence supports the claim using science ideas.
What is reasoning?
In an elliptical orbit, a planet speeds up as it moves closer because this is being converted into kinetic energy
What is gravitational potential energy?
The noble gases are found in this group number (modern numbering).
What is group 18?
An exothermic reaction is one where energy is released to the surroundings, often as this.
What is heat?
This law states an object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
What is Newton’s First Law (the Law of Inertia)?
Energy changes forms but the total stays the same
What is conservation of energy (mechanical energy conservation)?
When a planet is farthest from the Sun, it is at this point (and is slowest).
What is aphelion?
A second true statement about isotopes: they have the same number of protons, but different numbers of these.
What are neutrons?
The greenhouse gas most associated with deforestation and burning fossil fuels is this.
What is carbon dioxide (CO₂)?