Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 4
Unit 5
Unit 6
100
The variable that is intentionally changed in an experiment
independent variable
100
Which subatomic particle is NOT in the nucleus of an atom?
electron
100
Why do tectonic plates move?
Plates make up the crust, which floats on top of the semi-solid mantle. The magma in the mantle is going through very slow convection currents.
100
Main gas that makes up the atmosphere
nitrogen
100
What process causes things to "clump together" in space by friction and gravity? (how planets form)
accretion
100
Who proposed the Big Bang Theory?
Georges Lemaitre
200
A variable that is kept the same in all experimental trials to ensure accurate results
constants / controlled variables
200
How does the biosphere add and remove carbon from the atmosphere?
Humans and other animals add carbon to the atmosphere through breathing / respiration. Plants remove carbon from the atmosphere by photosynthesis.
200
How do scientists know what the layers of Earth are?
They cannot dig deep enough into the ground to even reach the mantle, so they have to study how seismic waves travel through Earth to tell what layers are liquid versus solid.
200
Which of these is NOT a greenhouse gas?
a. methane
b. carbon dioxide
c. oxygen
d. ozone
e. nitrous oxide
c. oxygen
200
What kind of eclipse causes the Earth's shadow to block what would normally appear as a full moon?
lunar eclipse (causes bloodmoon)
200
Which scientist discovered that all galaxies are red-shifted, meaning that they are moving away from us?
Edwin Hubble
200
The independent variable goes on the ____-axis, and the dependent variable goes on the ____-axis.
x, y (Remember "DRY MIX")
200
Carbon dissolved in magma is released into the air through volcanic eruptions. What spheres is the carbon moving through?
geosphere to atmosphere
200
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is the longest and tallest chain of mountains in the world, but they are completely under water. What plate boundary formed the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and caused South America and Africa to separate thousands of years ago?
Divergent
200
What line divides Earth into Northern and Southern hemispheres?
equator
200
What is the difference between a revolution and rotation?
Revolution = planet orbiting a star (one "year")
Rotation = planet spinning on its axis (one "day")
200
Which model of the solar system places Earth at the center of everything, with all of the other planets and the Sun orbiting us?
geocentric model
300
Experiment: I want to see which kind of dog food my dog will eat the most of. So, I give him a different kind of dog food each week for 4 weeks and weigh how much food he leaves in his bowl. What is the Dependent variable in this experiment?
how much the dog eats / how much food he leaves in the bowl
300
List the charges and masses of each subatomic particle.
Protons = positive charge, 1 amu
Neutrons = neutral / no charge, 1 amu
Electrons = negative charge, virtually no mass
300
Isotopes have the same number of _____ but different numbers of _____.
protons, neutrons
300
Heat transfer by contact (ex. touching a hot pan)
conduction
300
Why do stars die?
they run out of fuel (hydrogen) to fuse
300
Why do most stars have similar spectral lines?
Because they are all made of similar elements (at least hydrogen and helium)
300
10 km = _____ m
10,000 m
300
Describe what happens in the processes of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.
Evaporation = liquid becomes a gas
Condensation = gas turns into liquid / droplets
Precipitation = water falls to the ground as rain, snow, hail, or sleet
300
List the layers of Earth and match them to the numbers in the image.
1 = crust
2 = mantle
3 = outer core
4 = inner core
300
How has Earth's climate changed recently? Why?
We are experiencing global warming after the last ice age due to natural processes and amplified by human activities (like burning fossil fuels, etc.)
300
Which kind of star has the following life cycle:
protostar --> star --> supergiant --> supernova --> black hole or neutron star
high-mass star
300
A star's spectral lines appear "blue-shifted." What does this mean?
The star is moving towards us (the light waves are being condensed or shortened towards the blue side)
400
What is the measurement at Point C and E?
C= 4.2 cm, E= 6.6 cm
400
What equation do you use to find the number of neutrons in an atom? What equation do you use to find the mass of an atom?
M - A = N (mass - atomic number = neutrons)
Protons + neutrons = mass (do NOT add electrons, they weigh virtually nothing)
400
Who developed the theory of continental drift? Who was the woman that proved his theory years later by mapping the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
Alfred Wegener, Marie Tharp
400
Explain why we experience summer while people in Australia are experiencing winter each year.
The Earth rotates on a tilted axis. When a hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, it experiences summer, when it is tilted away from the Sun, it experiences winter. (between these 2 is fall and spring)
400
Explain why the Moon has "phases."
In space, the Moon is actually always half-lit, half-dark just like Earth and all the other planets. Since we live on Earth and the Moon is orbiting us, we can only see a portion of this illuminated side as it moves around us.
400
What is the difference between a solstice and an equinox?
Solstice = shortest or longest day of the year (Summer solstice or winter solstice)
Equinox = when day and night are exactly equal / 12 hours each.
500
Match each situation to the unit you would use to measure it:
weight of a dog, distance between cities, how much Dr. Pepper is in a bottle, height of a sunflower
Unit options: kilogram, liter, meter, kilometer
dog-- kilogram (similar to pounds), distance between cities-- kilometers, Dr. Pepper-- liters, height of a sunflower-- meter
500
Name all spheres of Earth and what they stand for.
Bio = life cryo = frozen water / ice
Hydro = water Geosphere = rocks / ground
Atmosphere = air
500
What plate boundaries are shown and what are some landforms that occur at each?
A = transform; no landforms but earthquakes occur
B = convergent / subduction; ocean trenches if a continental and oceanic plate collide or mountain ranges if 2 Continental plates collide.
C = divergent; landforms include seafloor spreading, mid-ocean ridges, valleys, and seas
500
Explain the relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and temperature over time. Why is this? 
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. This means that the more carbon dioxide there is in the atmosphere, more radiation from the Sun is being trapped. Therefore, more carbon dioxide leads to higher global temperatures.
500
What is the relationship between a planet's orbital period and distance from the Sun?
The further a planet is from the Sun, the longer its orbital period (year) will be.
500
What is the difference between nebular theory and Big Bang Theory?
Nebular Theory explains how the solar system formed about 4.5 billion years ago from a cloud of gas and dust called a nebula. Big Bang Theory proposes how the universe began about 13.8 to 14 billion years ago when a singularity rapidly expanded.