Integumentary System: The Basics
The most vital function of the skin is to provide this, which prevents injury, infection, and dehydration.
What is protection? (or barrier function)
The two main types of glands found in the skin are sudoriferous glands and these glands, which produce an oil called sebum.
What are sebaceous glands?
Bones like the carpals in the wrist, are categorized as this.
What are short bones?
The medullary cavity of a long bone stores this material in adults.
What is yellow bone marrow?
On a diagram this layer of the skin is indicated by the arrow.
What is the epidermis?
This deepest layer of the skin is primarily composed of adipose (fat) tissue, which provides insulation and shock absorption.
What is the hypodermis (or subcutaneous layer)?
This type of sudoriferous gland is found all over the body, opening directly onto the skin. It's primary function is to cool the body (thermoregulation) by producing a watery sweat.
What is an eccrine gland?
The dense outer layer of bone is called this, while the inner, porous layer is called spongy bone.
What is compact bone?
The skull, ribs, and sternum belong to this major division of the skeleton.
What is the axial skeleton?
On a diagram of a long bone, this part of the bone is indicated by the bracket.
What is the diaphysis?
These cells produce the pigment melanin, which shields underlying DNA from UV radiation.
What are melanocytes?
These invisible lines represent the direction of collagen fibers in the dermis, and incisions made parallel to them heal fastest.
What are lines of cleavage?
This process of bone formation starts with either hyaline cartilage or fibrous membranes.
What is ossification?
This structural joint type is characterized by a fluid-filled cavity, like the hip or shoulder.
What are synovial joints?
On the diagram of the integumentary, this gland is labeled with the letter A.
What is the sebaceous gland?
These accessory organs primarily function to shield the head from UV radiation and trap heat.
What is hair?
This is the most common and least dangerous type of skin cancer, originating in the stratum basale.
What is basal cell carcinoma?
These bone cells are responsible for breaking down bone tissue, releasing calcium into the blood.
What are osteoclasts?
These five structural classifications of bones are based on shape.
What are long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones?
This is a microscope view of one of the types of bone tissue.
What is spongy bone?
These three distinct layers make up the integumentary system. Start with the most superficial layer.
What are the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis?
This type of skin cancer starts in melanocytes and is more likely to spread (metastisize).
What is melanoma?
This region of a long bone is the site of bone growth in juveniles and is found between the diaphysis and epiphysis.
What is the epiphyseal plate (or growth plate)?
The elbow is an example of this specific type of synovial joint, which allows for movement in only one plane.
What is a hinge joint?
Given a diagram of the full human skeleton, name the bone labeled A.
What is the humerus?