Epidermis
The hair ______ extends from the stratum corneum and is above the skin.
What is the hair shaft?
This is caused by the arrector pili muscle contracting.
What are goosebumps?
The protein nails and hair are made out of.
What is keratin?
What is a pore?
Indoor tanning is ________ (more, less) dangerous than outdoor tanning.
True or false: the epidermis has blood vessels.
What is FALSE?
The small blood vessels present in the dermal papillae that supply blood to the epidermis.
What are capillaries?
The function of keratin.
What is to provide our skin, hair, and nails with harness, strength, and waterproofing
This accessory excretes fatty material that provides lubrication to the skin and hair follicles.
What is the sebaceous gland?
The function of nails
What is to serve as a protective covering for the fingertips and toes?
The five layers of the epidermis, in order from deep to most superficial.
What is stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum?
The function of dermal and hair papillae
dermal papillae supply blood to the epidermis, hair papillae supply blood to the hair follicle
The function of melanocytes in skin and hair color.
What is to produce melanin, a UV-absorbing pigment that gives our skin and hair color based on genetic factors?
The two types of sweat glands and what they respond to.
Eccrine gland: heat, exercise
Apocrine gland: stress, fear, emotional response
The different types of burns and their location.
What is...
first degree burn: epidermis
second degree burn: epidermis and some dermis
third degree burn: entire epidermis and dermis
The layer of the epidermis where keratin production is high, and cells have not lost their organelles.
What is the stratum spinosum?
The names of the processes of blood vessels opening/closing in response to temperature changes.
What is vasoconstriction and vasodilation?
A description of how cells flow AND change as they move through the epidermis.
What is reproduction that starts in the stratum basale, with keratinization of cells that happens as we move superficially through the epidermis toward the stratum corneum, where cells eventually shed.
The three types of nerve receptors present in the skin and what they detect.
What are the...
Meissner's corpuscle: light touch
Pacinian corpuscle: heavy pressure
Free nerve endings: temperature changes and other external stimuli like tickling or itching
The three structures of the nail that we discussed in class and where they are located.
What is...
nail bed: surface of the skin underneath the nail plate
nail plate: hard structure overlying nail bed
lunula: half-moon region at the base of nail plate
The name of the process of cells hardening as they move superficially in the epidermis
What is keratinization?
The reticular layer is made of _______ and ________ fibers. Describe the function of these fibers.
What is...
collagen and elastin; provide the skin with elasticity and strength/durability
List the FOUR different types of tissue found among the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis and describe them.
What is...
stratified squamous epithelium: in epidermis, dense cells that form a protective barrier
areolar connective tissue: present in the papillary layer, loose connective tissue
dense irregular connective tissue: dense layer in the reticular layer made of fibers
adipose tissue: fat cells/insulating layer in the hypodermis
List the names of ALL accessory structures and nerves of the skin that we discussed... (hint: there are 8 total!)
What are Meissner's corpuscle, Pacinian corpuscle, free nerve endings, eccrine glands, apocrine glands, sebaceous glands, nails, and hair?
The healing process of a shallow cut and a deep cut.
Shallow cut: epidermal cells divide and fill in gap
Deep cut: blood vessels broken, blood forms clot via fibrin and platelets, scab forms from dried tissue, collagen fibers bind the wound, excess fibers form scar