Layers of the integumentary system
The epidermis the outermost layer of the skin. what is it made up of and what are the functions of it?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and it acts as a barrier to the environment, and constantly renews itself
What are the layers of the epidermis in order from most superficial to deepest?
stratum corneum -> stratum lucidum -> stratum granulosum -> stratum spinosum -> stratum basale
What type of cell is the most abundant and what do they produce?
Keratinocytes -> produce keratin
What are the main cell of the dermis and what do they produce?
Fibroblasts, they produce collagen and elastin fibers
Vitamin D synthesis is done through the skin. A deficiency in vitamin D leads to a disorder in which bones are soft and weak. What is this called?
Rickets
What types of tissue make up the hypodermis?
adipose tissue and loose connective tissue
approximately how long does skin renewal take?
about 4 weeks
what are langerhans cells and why are they important?
Specialized immune cells that detect pathogens and participate in the skins defense
What are the two layers that the dermis is divided into?
The papillary layer and the reticular layer
What type of skin cancer is the most common? which type is highly prone to metastasis?
basal cell carcinoma; melanoma
What layer of the skin are glands and hair follicles found in?
Dermis
what layer of the epidermis do keratinocytes flatten, fill with keratin and then begin to di?
Stratum granulosum
What type of cells produce the pigment that protects against UV damage, and what is that pigment called?
Melanocytes they produce melanin
Which layer of the dermis houses hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, ect.
The reticular layer
what degree of burning goes through all 3 layers and may require grafting
third degree
There are two other names for the hypodermis, what are they?
The subcutaneous layer, or superficial fascia
What layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin such as the palms or the soles of the feet?
Stratum lucidum
Merkel cells are for what?
the sensation of touch
What type of tissue makes up the hypodermis, and what are the functions of this layer?
Adipose tissue and loose connective tissue. This layer stores fat to cushion underlying tissues, and help insulate the body
what is it called when you begin to lose melanocytes, leading to depigmented skin patches?
vitiligo
The integumentary system makes up what percentage of overall body weight?
16% (about)
What are basal cells and in which layer are they found?
Basal cells are stem cells that give rise to new keratinocytes and they are found in the stratum basale
Why do we need a layer of dead keratinocytes?
they protect us against the environment
carotene is a type of ________ that is what colors? where does this accumulate?
pigment; yellow-orange; epidermis and hypodermis
what is the difference between a callus and a corn?
calluses are formed over an area due to repeated friction. corns form over bony prominences