Skin Functions
The integumentary system is the body's first line of defense and acts as a barrier
What is a physical and chemical barrier
The deepest layer of the epidermis, where cells divide and grow
What is the stratum basale
This pigment provides UV protection by clustering over the nucleus
What is melanin
Goosebumps occur when this muscle contracts
What is the arrector pili
The least malignant and most common form of skin cancer
What is the basal cell carcinoma
About this percentage of the body's blood volume can be held in the skin's vasculature
What is 5%
This epidermal layer is only present in thick skin
What is the stratum lucidum
Everyone has about the same number of melanocytes; differences in skin color come from this
WHat is melanocyte activity
The visible portion of the hair above the skin's surface
What is the hair shaft
This type of burn causes blistering and pain
What is a second-degree burn
This vitamin precursor is synthesized in the skin
What is vitamin D
What is the stratum granulosum
A yellow-orange pigment, most visible in palms and soles
What is carotene
The thick, whitish crescent-shaped region at the base of the nail
What is the lunula
Severe yellowing of the skin and eyes is called this
What is jaundice
These glands help regulate body temperature through evaporation
What are sweat (eecrine) glands
Most of the epidermis is composed of these cells
What are keratinocytes
This pigment is responsible for the reddish color of oxygenated blood seen through the skin
What is hemoglobin
Hair color depends on the type and concentration of this pigment
What is melanin
The most dangerous skin cancer, highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy
What is melanoma
The hypodermis is made mostly of this tissue type
What is adipose tissue
Merkel (tactile) cells are specialized for this function
What is sensing touch
A bluish skin color caused by a lack of oxygen
What is cyanosis
The nail grows from this region
What is the nail matrix
The "ABCDE Rule" for melanoma detection: Name the five criteria
What are asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter, and evolving