Bac-street's bac
This is the most common causative agent of bacterial pharyngitis and cellulitis
What is Streptococcus Pyogenes?
Key things: Agglutination test to detect, highly bacitracin sensitive
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This is the most common type of skin cancer
What is basal cell carcinoma?
Hedgehog signaling pathway activated
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This is a more common name for acrochordons
What are skin tags?
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Koplik spots are a key feature of this viral infection
What is measles?
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Iron deficiency anemia is associated with this nail malformation
What is Koilonychia (spoon nails)?
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Mycobacterium leprae infects this type of glial cell
What are schwann cells?
Key things: Ziehl-Neelsen stain, "hypopigmented lesions with loss of sensation", Tuberculoid (Th1, few lesions, asymmetric, low bacterial load / intact immune response), Lepromatous (Th2, many lesions, leonine facies, symmetrical, high bacterial load / low immune response), Lepromin test is positive in tuberculoid
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80% of cases of Acanthosis nigricans is commonly associated with obesity and this metabolic condition
What is diabetes mellitus?
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This disorder, in which the sebaceous glands enlarge, is often confused with basal cell carcinoma
What is sebaceous hyperplasia?
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Rubella infections can lead to characteristic lymphadenopathy in this area
What is behind the ear (posterior auricular)?
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This B3 deficiency disorder is characterized by the 4 D's (Dermatitis, Dementia, Diarrhea, Death)
What is pellagra?
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Otitis externa is often caused by this bacterial agent
What is pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Key things: Produces pigments, burn victims, hot tub folliculitis, corneal ulcers, ecthyma gangrenosum
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Seborrhea Keratoses appear as a part of a neoplastic syndrome most commonly associated with this type of cancer
What is GI carcinoma?
FGFR-3 mutation
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This type of cutaneous cyst often has a central punctum
What is an epidermoid cyst?
Pilar cysts: firm, slow-growing subcutaneous nodules that originate from the root sheath of a hair follicle (usually on scalp)
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This pustular lesion of the skin of the finger or hand is often seen in medical personal who come in contact with HSV-1 lesions
What is herpetic whitlow?
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The impairment of copper absorption seen in Menke's disease leads to defective collagen cross-linking due to the lowered activity of this enzyme
What is lysyl oxidase?
Key difference: Vitamin C deficiency impairs lysyl/prolyl hydroxylase
Vitamin C -> Can't even make the collagen
Copper -> Can't cross-link the collagen
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These 2 interleukins are involved in the pathogenesis of cat scratch disease (Bartonella henselae)
What are IL-8 and IL-10?
Key things: Immunocompromised patients, bacillary angiomatosis at site of scratch, enlarged lymph nodes
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This Clark level indicates a high risk squamous cell carcinoma lesion
What is Clark level 4?
A diameter > 2cm, a depth > 4mm, and Clark level of IV
Lesion of the ear, lip, or genitalia
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The "dimple/Fitzpatrick/retraction sign" is a key feature of this benign skin lesion
What is a dermatofibroma?
Neurofibroma -> button-hole sign
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The presence of koilocytes is a hallmark histologic feature of this viral infection
What is HPV?
Key feature: Viral oncogenic proteins E6 and E7 inactivate tumor suppressor proteins p53 and Rb respectively (HPV-16 and 18 especially)
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This vitamin prevents premature terminal keratinization
What is vitamin A?
Through RAR/RXR activation -> down-regulates excessive keratin gene expression
Deficiency causes delay in wound healing due to impair re-epithelialization after injury
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This is the causative agent in wool-sorters disease
What is Bacillus anthracis?
Key things: Blunt ended gram positive rods, edema factor, lethal factor, colonies stick to agar
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The "Darier sign" is a classic physical exam finding in this disorder
What is mastocytosis?
Darier sign: Mast cell degranulation when rubbing the skin
Also look out for osteoporosis in men and premenopausal women
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This physical exam finding is used to differentiate an angiolipoma from a lipoma
What is pain?
Pain -> angiolipoma
No pain -> lipoma
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This virus can cause aplastic anemia, especially in patients with sickle cell anemia
What is parvovirus B19?
Erythema infectiosum (slapped cheek syndrome, fifth disease) Look for "Lacy" rash
Fetal infections, including hydrops fetalis
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The classic physical exam triad of alopecia, perorificial/acral dermatitis, and diarrhea is seen in this deficiency
What is Zinc?
Biotin (B7) deficiency can present similarly, however there will be neuro findings instead of GI
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