T/F/NG
Francis Galton believed intelligence is mainly inherited.
True
Why did Richard Nisbett eventually question the findings of the 1960s twin study?
a) He discovered that the twins actually knew each other all along.
b) He realized the researchers ignored the fact that all adoptive families provided similar socioeconomic advantages.
c) He believed that genes played absolutely no role in cerebral skills.
d) He found that the twins' IQ scores were actually lower than reported.
b) He realized the researchers ignored the fact that all adoptive families provided similar socioeconomic advantages.
Quote the sentence that defines IQ and its average value.
"These tests are used to measure a person's intelligence and someone managing a score of 100 is said to have an average level."
The pronoun our in "most of our brain power" identify refers to:
Double your points and mention the type of pronoun.
refers to people in general/ readers and Galton
"our" — possessive pronoun;
Who was one of the first scientists to study human intelligence seriously?
Francis Galton
The twin studies from the 1960s proved without doubt that environment had no effect on intelligence.
False
According to the research by James Flynn, a 30-point increase in average IQ was primarily linked to:
a) Better genetic inheritance from ancestors.
b) The difficulty level of the IQ tests decreasing over time.
c) Improvements in education and nutrition.
d) Frequent reading and speaking with parents.
c) Improvements in education and nutrition.
Quote the sentence that describes Galton’s conclusion about intelligence.
"Following years of research, Galton concluded that most of our brain power comes from our genes and that our surroundings don't have much effect on how clever we are."
The pronoun they in: "they had never lived together" identify the pronoun and its antecedent.
Double your points and mention the type of pronoun.
"they" — personal pronoun; refers to the separated identical twins
What type of twins were studied in the 1960s research mentioned in the passage?
Identical twins separated at birth / separated identical twins
Nisbett accepted the twin-study conclusions immediately and never questioned them.
False
What did Nisbett suggest might explain the twins' similar results?
A. Genetic closeness
B. Similar adoptive upbringings and education
C. Shared diet before adoption
D. Same teachers
B. Similar adoptive upbringings and education
Quote the sentence that explains why the twin studies seemed like proof.
"Researchers interviewed the twins when they had reached adulthood and discovered that they had all achieved remarkably similar positive results in their studies."
The pronoun you in: "It's no use being born with innate intelligence if nobody encourages you to make the best of it." refers to:
Mention the type of pronoun and double the points.
"you" — personal pronoun (second person); generic reference to the reader.
Where did university professor James Flynn carry out the research described in the passage?
New Zealand (he was a university professor in New Zealand)
According to James Flynn, global increases in average IQ scores were driven by environmental and lifestyle factors, such as expanded access to education and enhanced dietary habits.
True
What does an IQ score of 100 represent in the passage?
A. Genius level
B. Below average
C. Average level
D. Unreliable score
C. Average level
Quote the sentence that explains what Nisbett discovered about the twins’ adoptive families.
"Through his own research he discovered that the adoptive families all had middle-class backgrounds."
The pronoun who in: "Flynn noticed that people who had regular access to education and a good diet had been able to increase their average IQ by thirty points."
Double the points and classify the type of pronoun.
Relative pronoun - refers people
Clue: When did studies of identical twins reinforce Galton's views?
Answer: In the 1960s
The families who adopted the twins in the study lived in large houses.
Not Given
What is the main conclusion of the passage regarding human intelligence?
a) Nurture (environment) has completely replaced Nature (genes) as the primary factor.
b) Intelligence is a fixed trait determined at the moment of birth.
c) Success is a combination of genetic potential and the environmental opportunities to develop it.
d) Modern scientists still agree with Galton’s 19th-century conclusions.
c) Success is a combination of genetic potential and the environmental opportunities to develop it.
Quote the sentence that gives advice about parental influence at the end of the passage.
"Parents can help their children to realize their potential by speaking to them frequently, by reading to them and by encouraging them to be aware of the world around them."
The pronoun his in: "Through his own research he discovered that the adoptive families all had middle-class backgrounds." refers to:
Double your points and mention the type of the pronoun.
Refers to Nisbett - Possessive
Why did Nisbett question the twin-study conclusion that intelligence is hereditary?
He found the adoptive families all had middle-class backgrounds and similar environments/education, so environment could explain similarities.