Periodic Table
arrangement of the elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties
periodic table
water in the form of a gas
water vapor
the portion of the Earth that consists of water in the form of ice, including glaciers, snowfields, sea ice and frozen ground.
cryosphere
the outermost layer of the Earth’s atmosphere; it has no outer limit and extends into outer space; this layer is divided into two layers; ionosphere and exosphere
thermosphere
a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical or physical means
element
horizontal rows that make up the periodic table
period
the lowest layer of the Earth’s atmosphere; we live in this layer and weather occurs in this layer; “tropo” means turning or changing
troposphere
the densest part of the Earth that includes the crust, mantle and core
geosphere
the inner layer of the Earth’s thermosphere; most satellites orbit the Earth in this layer; all charged particles in the Earth’s atmosphere are in this layer
ionosphere
the average mass of all the isotopes (different forms of the same element) of that element; in an element’s box in a periodic table, the atomic mass is the number at the bottom of the box; also called the mass number
atomic mass
an element that lacks most of the properties of a metal
non-metal
the second lowest layer in Earth’s atmosphere; this layer contains the ozone layer; “strato” means layer or spread out
stratosphere
the portion of the Earth that consists of liquid water, including oceans, glaciers, rivers, lakes, groundwater and water vapor
hydrosphere
a chunk of rock or dust in space, generally smaller than an asteroid
meteoroid
the basic particle from which all elements are made; the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element
a class of elements characterized by physical properties that include shininess, malleability, ductility, and conductivity
metal
the layer of the upper atmosphere that contains a higher concentration of ozone than the rest of the atmosphere
ozone
the relatively thin layer of gases that form Earth’s outermost layer
atmosphere
the outer layer of the Earth’s thermosphere; “exo” means outside; it has no definite shape and is the very edge of our atmosphere, separating the rest of our atmosphere from outer Space
exosphere
a neutral group of two or more atoms held together by a chemical bond
molecule
an element that has some characteristics of both metals and nonmetals
metalloid
elevation above sea level
altitude
the parts of the Earth containing living organisms
biosphere
the trapping of heat near a planet’s surface by certain gases in the planet’s atmosphere
greenhouse effect
in an element’s box in a periodic table, the atomic number is the number at the top of the box; every atom of the same element as the same number of protons- this is called the atomic number
atomic number