Past Modals: Certainty & Suggestions (Unit 13)
Complete: He must ___ (forget) his keys at home.
have forgotten
Complete: The characters ___ (draw) just right.
are drawn
Complete: It’s cold today, ____?
Isn't it?
Complete: I ___ (manage) to finish the race last year.
managed
What drives you crazy?
Example: “It drives me crazy when people are mean."
Choose the correct sentence:
A) He could have had an emergency.
B) He could had an emergency.
A) He could have had an emergency.
Choose the correct passive:
A) A screenplay chooses every year.
B) A screenplay is chosen every year.
B) A screenplay is chosen every year.
When do we use must / have to instead of should?
When something is necessary or a rule/law, not just a good idea.
Complete: I haven’t been able to ____ (achieve) my goals yet.
achieve (present perfect: haven't been able to)
What’s one goal you’ve managed to achieve recently?
Example: “I’ve managed to save money.” / “I’ve managed to exercise regularly.”
What’s the difference between must have and may have?
must have:
may have:
Join these sentences:
I met the artist. He designed the poster. (Use who)
“I met the artist who designed the poster.”
Which is correct?
A) She can sing, can’t she?
B) She can sing, isn’t she?
A) She can sing, can’t she?
What’s the difference between simple past and present perfect?
Simple past = specific time in the past.
Present perfect = life experience until now (no time mentioned).
Make a sentence using might have.
“He might have missed the bus.”
Complete: You ___ (not use) her car without asking!
shouldn’t have used
True or False: Non-defining clauses identify the person or thing.
❌ False. They add extra information.
True or False: “Should” expresses a strong rule or law.
❌ False. It expresses a recommendation or opinion.
Complete: By 2030, I hope I’ll have ____ (visit) many countries.
visited (future perfect: By 2030, I hope I'll have)
Make a sentence using a relative clause with that or who.
“I know a teacher who teaches English online.”
Give one example of a sentence using should have + past participle.
I should have studied harder for the exam.
Change to passive: “The director might change the ending.”
“The ending might be changed by the director.”
Write one affirmative statement + negative tag about your city.
Example: “The buses are always crowded, aren’t they?”
Write a sentence with would like to have + past participle.
Example: “I’d like to have learned another language.” / “I’d like to have met my favorite singer.”
What’s something you hope you’ll have achieved in 10 years?
Example: “I hope I’ll have bought my own house.” / “I hope I’ll have started my own business.”