Animal-Environment
Plant-Environment
Symbiosis
Organ Systems
Miscellaneous
100
In a food chain, animals are known as what?
Consumers.
100
What is the name for the type of predation in which predators feed solely on plants?
Herbivory.
100
What kind of symbiosis benefits both species involved?
Mutualism (or mutual symbiosis).
100
Name the two different organ systems in humans that work together to provide oxygen for the bloodstream and to remove carbon dioxide from the bloodstream.
The respiratory and circulatory systems.
100
What is the name for a species whose niche is vital to the structure of its community?
A keystone species.
200
What is the more scientific name for camouflage in animals?
Cryptic coloration.
200
In a marine food chain, what are usually the primary producers?
Phytoplankton.
200
Over time, two interacting species can act as selective forces on each other and cause genetic change. What is this phenomenon called?
Coevolution.
200
The musculoskeletal system receives signals from (and therefore depends on) what organ system to continue working?
The nervous system.
200
What kind of organism is essential to the survival of a community?
Autotrophs/producers (usually plants).
300
Most predators have evolved what two things to enable them to catch prey better?
More acute senses and weapons (claws, teeth, fangs, stingers, poisons, etc.).
300
What kind of plant benefits from the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in its root nodules?
Legumes.
300
Cowbirds and castle egrets feed on insects flushed out of the grass by grazing herbivores such as bison and horses. However, the grazing animals do not receive any benefits in return and remain unaffected. What kind of interaction is this an example of?
Commensalism. (The birds benefit from the relationship, while the herbivores remain unaffected.)
300
The reproductive system of humans is dependent on the products of what other organ system?
The endocrine system.
300
Pathogens are similar to parasites in effect, but the two are very different. Name a difference.
1. Pathogens are usually microscopic, while parasites tend to be larger. 2. Most parasites are nonlethal, while pathogens usually are harmful.
400
Animals with chemical defenses (such as poison-arrow frogs) are usually brightly colored. This is an example of what?
Aposematic coloration.
400
Coral benefits from having unicellular algae in its tissue because the algae do what in return?
The algae perform photosynthesis, producing sugars for both the coral and for themselves.
400
Most mutualistic relationships are thought to have evolved from what two kinds of interactions between species?
Predator-prey and host-parasite interactions.
400
The endocrine and nervous systems interact to continue the development of what other organ system?
The reproductive system.
400
The competitive exclusion principle says what about niches?
No two species can occupy the same niche, but similar species can co-exist.
500
What kind of population growth cycle can show how two interacting species help to regulate the each other's population density? What are the two animals usually associated with this cycle?
Boom-and-bust cycles; snowshoe hares and lynx.
500
Over time, plants have evolved defenses to avoid being eaten. These defenses include chemical poisons. Name two examples of these toxins.
Strychnine (from the tropical vine Strychnos toxifera), morphine (from opium poppies), nicotine (from tobacco plants), mescaline (from peyote cactus), and tannins.
500
Describe the mutualism between acacia trees and ants.
Certain species of acacia trees have thorns that house stinging ants. The ants feed on the sugar and proteins produced by the trees and will attack anything that touches the trees in return, such as insects, fungi, debris, and other plants.
500
The endocrine and nervous systems are related and can produce chemicals that serve as signals in both systems. Name one such chemical.
Epinephrine, which is a hormone produced by the adrenal medulla (an endocrine gland) but can also serve as a neurotransmitter.
500
Water balance and waste disposal in animals are dependent on what cells?
Transport epithelia.
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