Food Web
A diagram that shows the transfer of energy in a SINGLE PATH is called a _________________
Food Chain
Another name for an autotroph. They are also at the bottom of the food chain.
producer
Manatees are an endangered mammal species that live in bodies of water in Florida. Manatees eat plants that grow in the water. Manatees migrate from summer habitats to winter habitats and look for safe areas to feed and raise their young. People in boats need to give space to manatees to protect them from harm. What might conservationists do to increase manatee populations
A. increase the number of boats
B. increase the local fish population
C. increase the oxygen available in the water
D. increase the amount of protected habitat available
D. increase the amount of protected habitat available
When one species benefits, while harming (but not killing) the host. Examples are ticks, mosquitoes, leeches, or tapeworms.
Parasitism
How can food and water limit population growth?
Answers vary. Organisms may compete for food and eventually ie off if enough food is not available.
What does a food web model help scientists to understand?
A. the process of energy transfer in a food web
B. the relationships of producers in an ecosystem
C. how the populations change within an ecosystem
D. how the introduction of a new species changes the food web
A. the process of energy transfer in a food web
This type of consumer only eats meat
Carnivore
All organisms are interconnected somewhere within a food web. In a savannah environment (Africa) a common food chain is:
Grass -> Ant -> Anteater -> African dog -> Lion -> Bacteria
Explain what you happen if suddenly the producers suddenly disappeared.
Without producers (grass) the primary consumer (ant) would have nothing to eat and die. With no ants, there would be no secondary consumer (anteater). With no anteater means the African dog (tertiary) would have nothing to eat and die out. Without African dogs the Lions (predator) would have nothing to eat. The entire food chain would collapse.
Define Commensalism and give an example of it.
one species benefits and the other is not affected
Ex: Spanish moss in a tree, barnacles growing on a whale, Vultures eating the leftovers of a Lion.
Two arctic fox are fighting with a polar bear for a sea lion carcass. One fox distracts the bear while the other eats. What type of limiting factor is the polar bear?
Competition
Top-level predators, such as wolves and lions, are categorized in the highest trophic levels in their food webs. Where does the energy they consume originate?
A. the Sun
B. producers
C. their prey
D. primary consumers
A. the Sun
an herbivore is a type of "what" consumer
primary consumer
Food chains from four different habitats are shown below.
Ocean: seaweed → sea urchin → squid → shark Wetland: mosquito → small fish → turtle → bacteria Rainforest: peacock flower → monkey → jaguar → mushroom
Grassland: grass → mouse → snake→ hawk
Which food chain incorrectly represents a pattern of energy transfer from producer to consumers to decomposer?
A. ocean food chain
B. wetland food chain
C. rainforest food chain
D. grassland food chain
C. rainforest food chain
Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between hibiscus flowers and bumblebees that eat hibiscus nectar and transfer the pollen of the hibiscus flower?
A. parasitism: bumblebees harm the host hibiscus flowers by removing pollen
B. commensalism: bumblebees live off the nectar but the hibiscus flowers do not benefit
C. predation: bumblebees feed on hibiscus flowers' nectar which causes the hibiscus flowers to die
D. mutualism: bumblebees pollinate hibiscus flowers and hibiscus flowers provide food for bumblebees
D. mutualism: bumblebees pollinate hibiscus flowers and hibiscus flowers provide food for bumblebees
A group of elephants gets stuck in mud at the edge of the river from a recent mud slide. A lion waits for an elephant to get tired before it attacks. What is the limiting factor to the elephant population?
Predation
About how much percent of energy is passed on from one organism to the next on a food web pyramid.
A. 100 percent of all energy gets passed
B. 45 percent of all energy gets passed
C. 10 percent of all energy gets passed
D. 1 percent of all energy gets passed
C. 10 percent of all energy gets passed
an omnivore is an organism that eats what?
both plants and animals
Barnacles are small sea creatures that filter plankton and other microscopic organisms from the water for food. Barnacles often attach themselves using a type of natural glue to larger animals such as whales and sea turtles, which inadvertently carry the barnacles to new sources of food when they move. Their “glue” is harmless.
Commensalism
What happens when an environment reaches its carrying capacity?
A. Populations will decrease
B. Resources such as food, water, and space will be unlimited
C. Populations will increase
D. Nothing, everything will stay the same
A. Populations will decrease
A duck population is breeding at exponential rates. The snakes that hunted them have been collected by fur collectors. They make boots from python snake skin. What is the limiting factor to the snakes?
Humans
Create a food chain using the following organisms:
Snake, Grass, Hawk, Grasshopper, Fungi, Frog
Label them according to their trophic level
(Predator, Producer, Primary, Tertiary, Secondary, Decomposer)
(Example: Grass/Producer)
Grass/Producer
Grasshopper/Primary
Frog/Secondary
Snake/Tertiary
Hawk/Predator
Fungi/Decomposer
What is symbiosis? Give an example of a symbiotic relationship
A close relationship between organisms.
Ex: parasitism, commensalism, or mutualism.
In 1906, there was a small population of deer on the Kaibab Plateau. Because cows had overgrazed the food on the Kaibab Plateau, the Forest Service decided to create a preserve on the Kaibab Plateau for the deer. In the preserve, the cows and the natural predators of the deer were removed. In 1920, the Forest Service discovered that the number of deer in the preserve was very large. By 1923, most of the deer were starving from a lack of food.
Which statement best describes what happened on the Kaibab Plateau between 1906 and 1923?
A. Overgrazing by cows caused the deer on the Kaibab Plateau to starve.
B. The large growth and starvation of the deer population was an event of natural selection.
C. Because there were no natural predators to regulate the population, the deer population continued to grow.
D. The growth of the deer population was slower than the growth of the food supply on the Plateau, causing starvation.
C. Because there were no natural predators to regulate the population, the deer population continued to grow.
The Burmese Python is a non-native species to Florida. In recent years, the Florida government has allowed the hunting of Burmese Pythons in the Everglades. What is the most likely reason this policy was put into action?
A. to reduce the harmful impacts of Burmese Pythons on the Everglades ecosystem
B. to dispose of Burmese Python eggs that are hiding within the Everglades ecosystem
C. to prevent people from illegally releasing Burmese Pythons into the Everglades ecosystem
D. to help the native species have more access to limiting factors in the Everglades ecosystem
A. to reduce the harmful impacts of Burmese Pythons on the Everglades ecosystem
Small krill sweep the river bottom rocks for debris and muck. Next, the krill is suddenly swooped up by a small fish. The small fish then gets eaten by a salmon. A week after the bear eats the salmon, it begins to have symptoms. Over time the bear weakens from a botfly infection. What is the limiting factor to all the consumers?
parasites