Cell Organelles
What organelle controls the activities of the cell?
What is nucleus?
What are the four major types of biological macromolecules?
What is proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
What is the main job of the cell membrane?
What is regulates what enters and leaves the cell?
Does passive transport require energy?
What is no?
What is homeostasis?
What is maintaining balance in an organism's internal environment?
What organelle produces the energy needed for the cell's functions?
What is mitochondria?
Which macromolecule is an important source of energy for living things?
What is carbohydrates?
What does it mean when the cell membrane is selectively permeable?
What is it allows some substances to pass through while preventing others from passing.
During diffusion, particles move from an area of _____ concentration to _____ concentration.
What is high to low?
Why is maintaining a stable internal environment important to an organism?
What is stable internal conditions allow cells and organisms to function properly?
What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
What is ribosomes? Rough ER contains Ribosomes. Smooth ER does not.
Which macromolecule includes DNA and RNA?
What is nucleic acids?
What are the two main parts of a phospholipid, and which part faces the watery environment?
What is.... hydrophilic/polar heads and hydrophobic/nonpolar tails; the polar heads face the watery environments while the nonpolar tails face inward
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
What is... diffusion is movement of particles from high to low concentration; osmosis specifically involves movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
How does the plasma membrane help a cell maintain homeostasis?
What is the plasma membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell?
A cell needs to make, package, and transport a protein. Name three organelles/structures that would be involved in this process.
What is ribosomes, rough ER, Golgi body, vesicles.
Ribosomes- make proteins. (businesses)
Rough ER- transporting materials. (roads & highways)
Golgi body- packages materials. (post office)
Vesicles- Transports materials. (mail trucks)
Which macromolecule is made of amino acids and performs many different jobs in cells?
What is proteins?
Besides phospholipids, name three types of molecules found in the plasma membrane.
What is cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Explain the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport, including concentration direction and energy use.
What is... facilitated diffusion uses membrane proteins but moves high → low without energy; active transport moves low → high and requires energy.
A cell is placed in an environment where conditions outside the cell change. How can selective permeability help the cell maintain a stable internal environment?
What is a selective permeability allows the cell to control the movement of substances and helps keep internal conditions stable.
A cell contains a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole. What type of cell is it, and give the function of each of those three structures.
What is a plant cell?
Cell wall- provides protection and support.
Chloroplast- converts light energy to chemical energy through photosynthesis.
Large vacuole- stores food and water.
Match each macromolecule to a major role: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
What is..... carbohydrates: energy; lipids: energy storage/membrane-related functions; proteins: structural and functional cellular roles; nucleic acids: genetic information/DNA and RNA.
Explain the fluid mosaic model and how phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates contribute to the membrane.
What is... This model describes the membrane as a flexible phospholipid bilayer with different components moving within it like a mosaic.
Compare diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. Include what moves, direction of movement, whether ATP is required, and whether a protein may be involved.
Diffusion- movement of particles form high concertation to low concentration.
Osmosis- movement of water molecules from low solute to high solute.
Facilitated diffusion- movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration through a channel protein.
Active Transport- movement of particles form low concentration to high concentration using energy and a protein pump.
A cell begins to lose water and shrink. What type of environment is it most likely in, which direction is water moving, and how does this situation relate to homeostasis?
What is... hypertonic environment; water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink; this disrupts the cell's stable internal conditions.