BioChem/Cells
Enzymes
Cell Transport
Cell Cycle
Cell Energy
100
What's the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic=no nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic=nucleus and membrane bound organelles
100
Can enzymes be reused?
Yes, they are reusable unless they become denatured
100
Explain the difference between the two different types of transport?
Passive requires no energy and Active requires energy
100
What are the two main phases of the cell cycle?
Interphase
Mitosis/Meiosis
100
What happens when ATP is converted to ADP?
One phosphate is lost, and energy is released.
200
What organelles are in plant cells but not in animal cells?
Cell wall, chloroplast, large central vacuole
200
What macromolecule is enzymes? How do you know if a molecule is an enzyme?
Protein; ends in -ase or -in
200
What are the different types of passive transport? Explain
Diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration
Osmosis is the movement of water from high to low concentration
Facilitated Diffusion is the movement of large molecules from high to low concentration
200
How is the cell cycle important to multicellular organisms?
It allows them to produce more cells for growth, to replace cells, and to repair damage.
200
What is the relation between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
The reactants of one is the products of the other and the products of one is the reactants of the other
300
What are the two nucleic acids?
(FULL NAME)
DNA=Deoxyribonucleic Acid
RNA=Ribonucleic Acid
300
How do lysosomes and enzymes relate with each other?
Lysosomes break down waste and cell debris using enzymes
300
Explain what is happening
Endocytosis is the movement of large particles into the cell
300
What happens during the 3 stages of interphase?
Cell growth, DNA Replication, Preparation for mitosis/meiosis
300
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
400
What are the three parts of the cell theory?
- All living things are made of cells
- Cells are the smallest unit of living things
- All cells come from other cells
400
Explain these pictures regarding enzymes
This picture shows activation energy. Without the enzyme it will be very hard to start a chemical reaction. With an enzyme it is very easy to start a chemical reaction
400
Explain what is happening
Exocytosis is the movement of large particles out of the cell
400
What is produced at the end of the Mitosis? Meiosis?
Mitosis= 2 daughter cells
Meiosis= 4 daughter cells
400
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Sunlight + 6CO2 + 6H2O ----> C6H12O6 + 6O2
500
Name each monomer for the polymer(macromolecule)
Carbs=monosaccharide
Lipids=fatty acids/glycerol
Proteins=amino acids
Nucleic Acids=nucleotides
500
What are the four things that can affect enzyme function?
Temp., pH, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration
500
Explain what happens in the three different types of tonicity. And what tonicity do animal cells and plant cells prefer?
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Hypertonic- water is leaving the cell to dissolve the solute outside the cell. Cell shrivels
Hypotonic- water is entering the cell to dissolve the solute inside the cell. Cell swells
Isotonic- stays the same in and out of the cell
Plant= Hypotonic
Animal= Isotonic
500
What happens in meiotic prophase I, that doesn't happen in mitotic prophase?
Synapsis= homologous chromosomes pair up
Crossing Over= Portions of each chromosome break off and switch with parts from their homologous pair
500
Why is anaerobic respiration considered less efficient than aerobic respiration?
More ATP molecules are gained in aerobic respiration than in anaerobic respiration.