Infectious Diseases
Cardiology
Pulmonology
Nephrology
Endocrinology
100
Name one of the antibiotic regimens commonly used for outpatient community acquired pneumonia
What are:
1. cefpodoxime + azithromycin or doxycycline
2. Respiratory fluoroquinolone
3. Amox-clav + macrolide or doxycycline
4. Amoxicillin + macrolide or doxycycline (if no significant co-morbidities)
100
Name the conduction abnormality
What is a right bundle branch block?
100
The SpO2 goal for patients with COPD
What is 88-92%? (important to understand why!)
100
This electrocardiogram finding is classically associated with hyperkalemia.
What are peaked T-waves?
100
The first-line medication for pre-diabetes.
What is metformin?
200
This organism is responsible for scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, and many cases of cellulitis and impetigo.
What is group A strep (strep pyogenes)?
200
The S1 heart sound corresponds to the closure of these two valves.
What are the mitral and tricuspid valve?
200
Increased dyspnea, increased sputum production, & change in sputum character are criteria for...
What is a COPD exacerbation?
200
This medication, used for heart failure and hypertension, can cause hyperkalemia by inhibiting aldosterone
What is spironolactone?
200
This hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood.
What is parathyroid hormone?
300
Bacteria responsible for chronic lung infection; can lead to the formation of granulomas and caseous necrosis in tissues.
What is mycobacterium tuberculosis?
300
First-line class of medications for lowering LDL cholesterol
What are statins? Ezetemibe is second line!
300
Most common EKG finding in patient's with pulmonary embolism
What is tachycardia?
300
This marker of renal function is often regarded to be more accurate than creatinine.
What is cystatin C?
300
First line prescription medication for treatment of osteoporosis
What are bisphosphonates? (in combination with calcium and vitamin D)
400
This vector-borne disease, transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito, can lead to cyclic fevers, anemia, and multi-organ failure.
What is malaria?
400
The p-wave on an EKG corresponds to this phase of the cardiac cycle
What is atrial depolarization?
400
This class of drugs is the first-line treatment for acute asthma exacerbations
What are short-acting beta agonists (SABAs?) (would also accept ICS-formoterol, which can be used as reliever and maintenance therapy, aka SMART therapy)
400
The only evidence-proven strategy to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)
What is IV crystalloid solution?
400
Side effects of prednisone
What are hyperglycemia, agitation, insomnia, gastritis, and Cushing's syndrome?
500
Name at least one medication you could use to treat an ESBL simple cystitis
What are nitrofurantoin (Macrobid), fosfomycin, pevmecillinam, and any culture-directed therapy?
Remember that ESBL is a resistance pattern for beta-lactams only (would need to use a carbapenem)! Can still use other medication classes!
500
The four pillars of GDMT (guideline directed medical therapy) for HFrEF
What are beta-blockers, spironolactone, ACEi/ARB/ARNi, SGLT2i?
500
This vaccine is recommended for COPD patients to prevent infections that may cause exacerbations
What is the pneumococcal vaccine? (now PCV21!)
500
This hormone, secreted by the kidneys, stimulates red blood cell production in response to hypoxia.
What is erythropoietin?
500
What molecule in the blood can throw off calcium measurement when too low or too high?
What is Albumin? (check an ionized calcium to confirm calcium level)