LAN
A gateway is the ______ in the computer network that ________ (explain purpose/what is does/how it works).
node; handles data transfer between networks.
What is telnet?
A protocol used for remote computer access
Why does an open system have interoperability?
An open system is based on a common network architecture and suite of protocols, so networks on multiple platforms can communicate.
What is the internet and its purpose?
The internet is a network that connects devices to transmit data worldwide
What is metadata?
Data that describes/gives information about other data
What is the industry standard for LANs?
Ethernet
What does "IP Address" stand for? Explain the movement involved with IP
Internet Protocol deals with the movement and routing of packets through the Internet to their final destinations. Every device is assigned a unique address.
Compare proprietary and open systems by listing one benefit of each.
Proprietary - Technology usage can remain private
Open - All networks using open systems can communicate
Describe dynamic routing
Dynamic routing protocols exchange information between routers by creating & maintaining data structures and using algorithms to identify the best routes
How can we measure data transfer rate?
Bandwith can be measured in bitrate
Describe 3 LAN topologies and the direction of message flow for each
Bus - both directions
Ring - one direction
Star - through a central node
Describe 3 differences between IPv4 and IPv6. Feel free to explain the limitations of IPv4 to help differentiate.
IPv6 can
1. identify more computers
2. provide more addresses
3. better manage network traffic because of its additional features
Describe a computer system that can protect a network from inappropriate access. How does it work?
Double Jeopardy: Provide and describe a specific example
A firewall filters incoming traffic, checks the validity of incoming messages, and can deny access to messages
Double Jeopardy:
A LAN can deny remote access by refusing traffic that comes in on the telnet port
Describe 4 components of a URL
Protocol, Subdomain, Domain, Path, Query, Parameters
What is a packet and why is information divided into packets?
A packet is a unit of data sent across a network. It helps send uniform-sized messages, which is more efficient. Packets can be sent individually and reassembled upon arrival at the destination.
What is a LAN cable and a LAN port? What purpose do they serve?
The ethernet cable can connect devices to a router in a local area network. The ethernet port can help devices connect to the router without wireless capability.
What is UDP? Describe the difference between it and TCP.
TCP is more reliable but slower than UDP (user datagram protocol), which is connectionless and facilitates the exchange of messages between computing devices in a network.
What is the OSI Reference Model? Include what OSI stands for
The Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model is a seven-layer logical breakdown of network interaction
Describe routing on the internet. Be sure to discuss nodes, redundancy, and fault tolerance (and explain what that means).
There are multiple paths between nodes, which creates fault tolerance, which means that we can compensate for a break or "fault" in a path by rerouting.
Travel between alternate routes is known as redundancy.
List 1-2 problems/challenges with packet switching. What network might not be ideal for packet switching?
Packets may arrive out of order and require complex protocols for delivery.
High-volume networks can lose data packets during high traffic.
Distinguish between a MAN, LAN, and WAN.
MAN - metropolitan-area network. Large metropolitan areas have special needs because of the volume of traffic. They are collections of smaller networks.
WAN - wide-area network. It connects smaller networks and is not tied to a specific location.
List and describe the following protocols:
SMTP
FTP
TCP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is an application used by mail servers to send, receive, and/or relay outgoing mail between email senders and receivers.
File Transfer Protocol allows a user to send and receive a file to and from the computer.
Transmission Control Protocol is a communication protocol used to exchange data between networks.
What is a DNS? Describe how the DNS resolves a hostname.
A domain name system will send a request to a nearby domain name server. If the server can't resolve the hostname, the request continues to propagate until the hostname is resolved or the request expires.
Define and compare static and dynamic routing.
Static routing must be created, maintained, and updated on every router by a network administrator, manually.
Dynamic routing is a technique in which routers on the network learn about routing information and can make intelligent decisions about the best route to its routing table.
What is network neutrality?
Network neutrality is the principle that ISPs should deliver data to everyone equally, as fast as the technology allows.