History & Exam
____________ and a _____________ are the most common reasons patients with interstitial lung disease seek medical attention.
(Exertional dyspnea/nonproductive cough)
In ILD, restrictive PFT findings are common, meaning ________ FVC, ________ FEV1, and a __________ FVC/FEV1 ratio.
(reduced/reduced/preserved)
Lung biopsies to confirm specific histopathologic patterns can be either _________ or ________ surgical.
(bronchoscopic/surgical)
Most patients with ILD have bilateral inspiratory fine crackles, which usually are most prominent at the ________.
(lung bases)
In ILD, a chest x-ray may show decreased lung volumes and opacities, but a ________ has the ability to better define the specific characteristics of lung parenchyma seen in each disease.
(High-resolution CT)
A ________ is the definitive method to confirm the diagnosis and assess disease activity in any ILD.
(lung biopsy)
Sarcoidosis is a leading cause of _______ because it is a systemic inflammatory disease where the immune system forms tiny granulomas that can appear in the eye.
(uveitis)
Due to the active inflammatory process in sarcoidosis, epithelioid cells and macrophages within granulomas overproduce and secrete large amounts of __________ resulting in elevated serum levels.
(angiotensin converting enzyme)
______________, which are seen in sarcoidosis, can mimic TB making the _________ important for ruling out infectious granulomatous disease.
(Noncaseating granulomas/IGRA test)
BAPE, a common finding of _________________, is usually eosinophilic, bloody, and exudative.
(asbestos related pulmonary disease)
In sarcoidosis, hyper_______ may be present, but hyper_______ is more common.
(hypercalcemia/hypercalcuria)
Because the presentation of _____________ is similar to other ILD, history of exposure to bacteria and fungi in moldy hay, humidifiers, indoor hot tubs, or animal proteins is vital for diagnosis.
(hypersensitivity pneumonitis)