Neurotechnologies
This acronym refers to a form of deep brain stimulation that adjusts in real time based on neural activity.
Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation
This concept refers to an individual’s ability to make their own independent decisions
What is autonomy?
This type of information is collected by neurotechnology devices and can reveal patterns of brain activity
What is neural data?
This category of techniques includes methods like tDCS and TMS that stimulate the brain without surgery
What is non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS)?
This aspect of aDBS raises ethical concerns because stimulation can be adjusted without the patient’s conscious input
What is reduced or altered autonomy?
This term refers to the protection of brain data from unauthorized access or misuse
What is neuroprivacy?
This technology enables direct communication between the brain and an external device
What is a brain-computer interface (BCI)?
This ethical concern arises when patients report personality or behavioral changes following brain stimulation.
What is a threat to personal identity?
This ethical requirement ensures that patients understand risks and voluntarily agree to treatment.
What is informed consent?
This feature distinguishes adaptive DBS from conventional DBS by allowing real-time adjustments based on brain signals
What is closed-loop feedbak variable?
This debate centers on whether patients should directly control their own brain stimulation settings despite potential risks.
What is the tradeoff between autonomy and safety?
This U.S. agency is primarily responsible for regulating medical neurotechnologies
What is the FDA (Food and Drug Administration)?
Is tES a type of TMS?
No, tES is not a type of TMS. tES and TMS are both non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, but tES uses electrical currents applied on the scalp, whereas TMS uses magnetic pulses to induce currents in the brain.
This term refers to the use of technology to improve cognitive or physical abilities beyond typical levels.
What is neuroenhancement?
This is a major risk associated with unauthorized access to brain data, involving potential manipulation or exposure of mental states.
What is brain data hacking?