Totalitarianism
Define totalitarianism
When the government controls all aspects of peoples’ lives.
Explain two causes of the Great Depression.
Stock Market crash of 1929, Banks calling in loans (banking panics and crisis), gold standard collapse, decreased international lending and tariffs
What were the causes of the Russian Revolution? (at least 2)
Anger at defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, anger at Russia's involvement in WWI (so many dying and ill-prepared), anger at Autocracy and the Czar (poor leadership), bread and fuel shortages, inflation, peasant revolts
What is an example of how society became more "modern" in the 1920's?
Postwar trends in physical, psychiatry, art, litature, communication, music and transportation still affect our lives; Women found new jobs and some new freedoms after the war; Technological advances flourished (cars, airplanes, radio, movies)
What problems did the Weimar republic face in the Interwar years? (at least 2)
Hyperinflation, Great Depression, many small scale revolts and attempted coups
What were the effects of Stalin's policy of Collectivization on Soviet agriculture?
Between 5-10 million peasants died (the slaughtering of livestock and destroyed crops in protest didn't help)
Outline two effects of the Great Depression.
1/4 of all Americans unemployed, almost 30% unemployed in Germany, higher tariffs in most countries, the collapse of the reparations payments and the Dawes Plan, growth of extremism, collapse of several democracies in Europe
Which group led the October Revolution?
Bolsheviks
Which of the following was NOT a bad omen of things to come in the 1930's?
a. Spanish Civil War
b. Soviet entry into League of Nations
c. Japanese invasion of Manchuria
d. Italian invasion of Abyssinia
b. Soviet entry into the League of Nations
The heavily-industrialized region of Germany that was taken over by France when they couldn't meet their first reparations payment is called ______.
The Ruhr
How did Stalin create a Totalitarian regime? (2 examples)
Police state, Propaganda and censorship, The Great Purge, Education and Indoctrination, Religious Persecution
Why was life particularly difficult for Germans after WWI? (at least 2 ideas)
Crushing debt, crazy inflation, humiliation of the Treaty of Versailles clauses, loss of the Ruhr territory (briefly), and when American banks called in their loans, Germany's economy collapsed.
What were the causes of the February Revolution?
Bread and fuel shortage riots, anger at the war and autocracy, inflation
Which of the following contributed the most to the post-war disillusionment expressed in the West in the years immediately following WWI?
a. The economy took a downward turn that included low inflation, but high unemployment.The news of Freud and b. Einstein’s new theories had people questioning everything.
c. The brutality and horror of WWI made people question the “progress, democracy and civilization” they had been so proud of just years earlier.
d. None of these contributed whatsoever to the feeling of disillusionment; in fact, people were happy.
c. The brutality and horror of WWI made people question the “progress, democracy and civilization” they had been so proud of just years earlier.
What were aspects of the Treaty of Versailles that the Weimar government resented?
Germany's forced to demilitarize, take the blame for the war, make 33$ billion in reparations to the Allies, loss of territory
Why was fascism such a popular choice in the 1930's (2 reasons)?
Failed democratic leadership, economic crises (rising inflation and unemployment), the fear of communist take-over, rise of nationalism (gives positive sense of patriotism and loyalty, places the blame for failure elsewhere); They wanted a leader who would take action.
How did the US attempt to get out of the Great Depression?
Roosevelt began a program of government reform called the New Deal: large public works projects helped to provide jobs for the unemployed, large amounts of public money were spent on welfare and relief programs, regulations imposed to reform the stock market and banking system.
How were the February and October Russian Revolutions different?
Feb Rev - led by women workers, city-wide strike (Petrograd) - led to a provisional government and abdication of the Czar - involvement in WWI ramped up.
October Rev - Bolshevik take-over, farmland distributed amongst peasants, withdrew from WWI (Treay of Brest-Litovsk), civil war
Who was the fly person to fly a plane solo across the Atlantic?
Charles Lindbergh
Explain how the Dawes Plan was supposed to work?
Gave loans from the US to Germany, made a new schedule for payment of reparations to France and UK, helped to slow inflation